BMS 150 Quiz 8 (Week 11)

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Questions and Answers

H. pylori infection of which portion of the Gl tract is most commonly associated with gastric atrophy?

Stomach antrum

Stomach body (correct)

Duodenum

Stomach cardia

A biopsy of the stomach shows inflammation of the gastric mucosa with presence of abundant neutrophils between epithelial cells, within gastric glands, and within the stomach lumen. What is the best way to describe this pathological finding?

Duodenal ulceration

Acute gastritis (correct)

Chronic gastritis

Gastric ulceration

Which of the following messengers are important in inducing IgA class switching by intestinal B cells?

Interleukin 6

Interleukin 4

REG3

Retinoic acid (correct)

A 22-year-old woman presents to your clinic with fatigue and bloating that has gotten worse over the last 2 years - her family physician sent her for labwork and she had high tires (levels) of IgA against tissue transglutaminase. Which of the following statements are TRUE?

This person likely has celiac disease - further labwork should include testing for B12 and iron deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Choose the TRUE statement regarding the function of M, or microfold, cells.

They capture and transfer antigen from the gut lumen to underlying immune cells Signup and view all the answers

Choose the TRUE statement regarding the pathogenesis of celiac disease.

People with celiac disease increase the production of zonulin when exposed to gluten Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signals will inhibit gastric acid production

Somatostatin released from D cells acts on the somatostatin receptor on parietal cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding pepsinogen?

Pepsinogen is secreted via exocytosis from chief cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which duct is indicated by label A below?

The common bile duct Signup and view all the answers

Choose the TRUE statement about the physiology of peptide YY

Peptide YY is mostly secreted by cells in the distal small intestine Signup and view all the answers

Choose the TRUE statement regarding CCK physiology in the Gl tract.

CCK release is strongly stimulated by fats that are present in the duodenum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes is an example of a brush border enzyme (found in the microvilli)?

Maltase Signup and view all the answers

Choose the TRUE statement regarding the chemical digestion of fats:

Pancreatic lipase digests triglycerides, not phospholipids or cholesterol esters Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is TRUE regarding stomach motility?

Propulsion moves food from the fundus of the stomach to the pyloric antrum. Signup and view all the answers

Choose the true statement below:

The healthy microflora produces SCFAs (short chain fatty acids) that helps dendritic cells induce naive T cells to become Tregs Signup and view all the answers

How does NSAID toxicity contribute to acute gastritis?

NSADIs inhibit prostaglandin secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding activation and inactivation of proteolytic enzymes?

Enterokinase activates trypsin when food is in the lumen of the intestine, and inactivates trypsin when food is absent Signup and view all the answers

B-cells in the bowel can be induced to produced IgA WITHOUT the help of helper T cells. Which of the chemical messages below is important in this process?

APRIL and BAFF production by enterocytes Signup and view all the answers

Choose the TRUE statement regarding the function of Paneth cells.

They produce large quantities of AMPs, like REG3 and lysozyme Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

H. pylori Infection

H. pylori infection is most commonly associated with gastric atrophy in the stomach antrum.

Gastric Mucosa Inflammation

A biopsy of the stomach showing inflammation of the gastric mucosa with abundant neutrophils between epithelial cells, within gastric glands, and within the stomach lumen is best described as active gastritis.

IgA Class Switching

Intestinal B cells undergo IgA class switching induced by the messengers TGF-β and retinoic acid.

Celiac Disease

A 22-year-old woman with high levels of IgA against tissue transglutaminase is likely to have celiac disease.
Celiac disease is associated with fatigue, bloating, and other symptoms.

M Cells

M cells (microfold cells) are responsible for antigen uptake and presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).

Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease

Celiac disease is caused by an immune response to gliadin, a protein found in wheat, leading to inflammation and damage in the small intestine.

Gastric Acid Production

Somatostatin and prostaglandins are signals that inhibit gastric acid production.

Pepsinogen

Pepsinogen is the precursor to pepsin, which is activated by hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

Bile Ducts

The duct indicated by label A is the common bile duct.

Peptide YY

Peptide YY is a hormone that inhibits gastric acid secretion and motility.

CCK Physiology

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released in response to the presence of fat and protein in the small intestine, stimulating the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes.

Brush Border Enzymes

Lactase is an example of a brush border enzyme, found in the microvilli of the small intestine.

Chemical Digestion of Fats

Fats are chemically digested by pancreatic lipase, which breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.

Stomach Motility

The stomach has a peristaltic movement, which helps to mix food with digestive enzymes and push it into the small intestine.

NSAID Toxicity

NSAID toxicity contributes to acute gastritis by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which normally protect the stomach mucosa.

Proteolytic Enzymes

Activation of proteolytic enzymes is controlled by proteolytic cleavage, and inactivation occurs through the binding of protease inhibitors.

IgA Production

B cells in the bowel can be induced to produce IgA without the help of helper T cells, through the action of TGF-β and retinoic acid.

Paneth Cells

Paneth cells produce antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, which help to defend against bacterial infections in the small intestine.

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