Group Cohesion and Development Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What aspect does social cohesion primarily focus on?

Interpersonal relationships among members (correct)

Collective unity and goal alignment

Individuals’ performance capability

Commitment to achieving common goals

Which phrase illustrates the importance of group cohesion?

Personal talent surpasses group effort.

Together We Stand, Divided We Fall. (correct)

Teamwork is essential only in critical situations.

Success is measured by individual achievements.

What does task cohesion involve?

Emotional attachment between members

Personal interests of group members

Shared commitment to group objectives (correct)

Performance of tasks independently

How can group cohesion's final state be achieved, according to Katz & Kahn?

Via multiple potential paths Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in group behavior studies highlighted by leaders?

Group cohesion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cohesion reflects the collective unity and goal alignment of a group?

Task cohesion Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT a component of the dynamic nature of cohesion?

Static group structure Signup and view all the answers

What does individual-level cohesion indicate about a group?

Personal attachment to the group Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of Carron’s Four Antecedents of Cohesion?

Emotional Factors Signup and view all the answers

What does the Performing stage signify within group development models?

The group is highly productive and mature. Signup and view all the answers

Which definition characterizes group cohesion as the total forces acting on members to stay in the group?

Festinger, Schachter, and Back (1950) Signup and view all the answers

Which leadership quality emphasizes the ability to plan and oversee large teams effectively?

Administratively Skilled Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of group development does the group experience dissolution?

Adjourning Signup and view all the answers

Which model describes a cycle of oscillation between task and social roles within a group?

Bales's equilibrium model Signup and view all the answers

What does a solution-oriented leader primarily focus on?

Finding solutions that satisfy diverse interests Signup and view all the answers

Which attribute reflects a leader's capability to provide tailored guidance to help followers grow?

Mentorship Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT typically considered a Personal Factor affecting group cohesion?

Skill level Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of an integrity-driven leader?

Strong ethical standards and moral principles Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does group cohesion contribute to a group's success, as indicated in the context?

Increased trust and morale Signup and view all the answers

Which leadership style is primarily characterized by offering tangible rewards for achieving set goals?

Contingent Rewards Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best explains the cohesion concept described by Back (1951)?

Cohesion is based on the attraction group members have for each other. Signup and view all the answers

A decisive leader is most well-known for which trait?

Making firm and quick decisions Signup and view all the answers

Informational power can be best described as the control over access to what?

Confidential information. Signup and view all the answers

Which quality involves managing relationships effectively and showing tact in interactions?

Diplomatic Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes expert power from direct power?

Expert power relies on superior knowledge, while direct power comes from explicit authority. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of extreme authority leading to disastrous outcomes?

The McDonald's Strip Search Incident. Signup and view all the answers

Which tactic is classified as a direct power tactic?

Punishment Signup and view all the answers

What does the attribute of 'excellence-oriented' specifically emphasize?

Constantly aiming for high performance Signup and view all the answers

How does indirect power typically function within a group environment?

Via norms and group values. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios illustrates destructive obedience?

An employee blindly following unethical orders. Signup and view all the answers

What major ethical implication did Milgram's study highlight about authority?

Obedience to authority can lead to unethical actions. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about power tactics is true?

Direct tactics involve strong measures like punishment. Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the sense of belonging that group members experience?

Unity of the group Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of group development is characterized by conflict over goals and roles?

Storming Signup and view all the answers

What is the main negative consequence of hazing mentioned?

Creation of resentment Signup and view all the answers

Which term reflects the shared confidence among group members in their ability to succeed?

Collective Efficacy Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the group’s focus during the Performing phase?

Task orientation Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of group dynamics is affected by having a well-defined structure and clarity in roles?

Structural Cohesion Signup and view all the answers

What promotes strong affective ties within a group?

Emotional Bonds Signup and view all the answers

Which phase is necessary for developing cohesion among group members?

Storming Signup and view all the answers

What phase involves the group evaluating the decision and its implementation for future improvements?

Post-Mortem Discussion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a situation where decisions are made by one person or subgroup?

Delegation Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the practice of applying the majority rule in decision-making?

Voting/Plurality Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT emphasized as part of effective group decision-making?

Resistance to Change Signup and view all the answers

Which phase is focused on identifying and defining the problem at hand?

Orientation Phase Signup and view all the answers

What process involves averaging individual decisions using methods like polling or surveys?

Statistical Aggregation/Averaging Signup and view all the answers

How does participation in decision-making influence resistance to change?

It helps reduce resistance to implementing change. Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical component in ongoing evaluation during the decision-making process?

Seeking lessons to improve future decisions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Leadership: An Overview

Leadership is a dynamic interaction between leaders, followers, and the situation.
Leadership involves influencing individuals and groups towards goals.
Leadership is not inherent; it can be developed.
Leadership has a 20-45% impact on organizational success.
Management focuses on systems, structures, and short-term goals.
Leadership focuses on people and long-term direction.
Some individuals are both leaders and managers.
Leadership qualities are important in institutional selection.

Leadership Effectiveness

Leadership effectiveness is how well leader traits and behaviours lead to successful outcomes.
These outcomes include task-oriented and social-oriented results.
Factors influencing leadership emergence include: trait models, situational models, and interactional models.
Trait theory suggests leaders have inherent qualities like energy, dominance, and self-reliance.
The Ohio State Leadership Studies identified initiating structure (task-oriented) and consideration (social/emotional) behaviours as key.
Situational leadership theory (e.g., Hersey & Blanchard, Fielder) explains how leadership style should adapt to follower maturity levels.
The Life Cycle theory connects leadership styles to follower stages.
Leaders adjust their styles (directing, coaching, supporting, delegating) based on follower readiness.
LMX theory emphasizes leader-member exchange relationships, leading to differentiated interactions with followers.
In-group followers are more competent, trustworthy, and motivated than out-group followers.

Leadership Theories

Trait models focus on inherent leader qualities.
Situational models emphasize the context's influence on leadership effectiveness.
Interactional models recognise traits interactions with followers and the situation.
Hogg's Social Identity Theory connects leadership with group identities and stereotypes.
Tolstoy's Zeitgeist Theory: Success is influenced by uncontrollable situational factors.
Fiedler’s Contingency Theory links leadership effectiveness to the leader's style and the situation. Leaders are classified as task-oriented or relationship-oriented based on their Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) score.
The Leadership Grid (Blake & Mouton) focuses on both task and relationship concern.
Shared leadership distributes responsibility across the group.
Followership styles include exemplary, conformist, passive, and alienated followers.

Group Cohesion

Group cohesion is vital for group effectiveness.
Cohesion involves attraction among group members and commitment to shared goals.
Two types of cohesion include social (interpersonal attraction) and task (commitment to shared goals).
Several group development models (e.g., Tuckman's model of forming, storming, norming, performing & adjourning) describe predictable stages in group development.

Decision Making in Groups

Groups can gather more information than individuals.
Collective evaluation enhances decision quality.
Group decision-making can involve diverse approaches (e.g., consensus, majority rule).
Group may overemphasise shared information and undervalue unique perspectives.
Groupthink can lead to poor decision-making due to strong conformity pressures.

Power and Influence

Power affects how individuals and groups interact.
Legitimate, referent, expert, and informational power all shape influence dynamics.
Power can be used constructively to enhance group efficacy.
Abuse of power can lead to negative consequences.
Milgram and Zimbardo’s studies highlight the psychological influences on obedience and conformity.
Factors like situational pressures, norms, and leader behaviours have an impact on power dynamics.

Leadership Styles

Level 5 Leadership (Humble, driven individuals) and other leadership styles (e.g., visionary).
Leadership qualities (including diplomatic, focused, committed).
GLOBE study examined cultural variations in leadership practices.

Errors in Decision Making

Sins of commission (e.g., belief perseverance, sunk cost bias, hindsight bias) and sins of omission or imprecision (e.g., base rate bias, availability heuristic, representativeness heuristic) affect decision-making accuracy.

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Description

Test your understanding of group cohesion and its key concepts through this focused quiz. Explore various aspects of essential theories in group dynamics, including task cohesion, phases of development, and leadership qualities. Ideal for students studying social psychology or organizational behavior.