Group Dynamics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT an attribute of a group?

  • Accessory units (correct)
  • Shared norms
  • Membership
  • Interaction among members

    • Group cohesion only arises when members feel positive about working together.

    False

    What is group cohesion?

    The extent to which members of a group desire to remain in that group.

    Membership in a group requires individuals to think of themselves as belonging to the group and to be recognized by other members as belonging to the group, according to __________.

    <p>Lickel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cohesion is primarily based on liking one another and a desire for interaction?

    <p>Social Cohesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of group cohesion with their descriptions:

    <p>Social Cohesion = Members like each other and desire interaction Task Cohesion = Members are involved with the group's task Interdependence = Members rely on each other to reach goals Shared Norms = Expectation that guides member behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A highly cohesive group is characterized by members who are indifferent about their participation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to varying levels of cohesion among group members?

    <p>Differing motives for joining and staying in groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the interaction in highly cohesive groups?

    <p>Interaction is friendlier and entails more attempts to reach agreements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Members of highly cohesive groups tend to conform less to the expectations of their fellow members.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'Group Isomorphism'?

    <p>A state where group goals and individual goals are similar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A role is a set of ______ that a member performs for the group.

    <p>functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Cohesion = The degree to which group members are attracted to one another. Norm = A rule that specifies how group members are expected to behave. Role = A set of functions performed by a group member. Isomorphism = Similarity between group goals and individual goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one benefit of high isomorphism within a group?

    <p>Members are motivated to pursue both group and individual goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Group norms serve several important functions for the group.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do members of high-cohesion groups care about group performance?

    <p>They want to belong and contribute to group success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does increasing group size affect productivity in conjunctive tasks?

    <p>It decreases productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Setting explicit, demanding goals can lead to lower productivity levels in a group.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of equity in reward distribution?

    <p>Rewards are distributed in proportion to members’ contributions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In situations where members prioritize solidarity, the ______ principle often prevails in reward distribution.

    <p>equality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reward distribution principles with their definitions:

    <p>Equality principle = Distributing rewards equally regardless of contributions Equity principle = Distributing rewards based on contributions Relative needs principle = Distributing rewards according to members' needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from establishing explicit goals in group tasks?

    <p>Higher levels of morale-building communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Distributive justice refers to the perception of fairness in how rewards are distributed among group members.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the group goal effect on productivity?

    <p>The phenomenon where establishing explicit, demanding objectives enhances group productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do group norms typically serve in a group setting?

    <p>They foster coordination among members in pursuit of group goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Asch Conformity Paradigm demonstrated that individuals would always resist group pressure to conform.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of influence occurs when individuals conform to meet social expectations and gain rewards within the group?

    <p>Normative Influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conformity is defined as when an individual adheres to _________ and standards.

    <p>group norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Conformity = Adherence to group norms Social Influence = Pressure exerted by group members Cognitive Frame = The framework to interpret environments Normative Influence = Conforming to avoid social punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is majority influence considered important in a group?

    <p>It allows a group to maintain integrity and continuity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Public compliance without private acceptance is a common outcome of conformity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the classical experiments conducted by Asch reveal about group pressure?

    <p>Group pressure can lead individuals to change their judgments and conform to majority opinion, even if it's incorrect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Anomie theory suggest about the capabilities of individuals regarding innovation?

    <p>Anyone can be an innovator, regardless of their access to legitimate means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Control theory suggests that social ties have no influence on our tendency to engage in deviant behavior.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotion is associated with the experience of strain in General Strain Theory?

    <p>Negative affective states like frustration, anger, or fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hirschi's theory, the four components of social bond include attachment, commitment, involvement, and __________.

    <p>belief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a limitation of Anomie theory?

    <p>It fails to account for emotional responses to strain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Involvement in conventional activities reduces the likelihood of engaging in deviance according to Control Theory.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the Differential Association Theory?

    <p>Sutherland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does labeling theory primarily focus on?

    <p>Reactions to a norm violation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All rule violations are generally known and acknowledged by society.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common response to a rule violation according to the content?

    <p>Denial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reactions to deviance depend on _______ characteristics, audience characteristics, and the behavior itself.

    <p>actor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can increase tolerance of rule-breaking behavior?

    <p>The actor's contribution to group goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms to their appropriate descriptions:

    <p>Normalization = Recognizing an act as normal despite being a rule violation Denial = Refusing to acknowledge that a rule violation occurred Balancing = De-emphasizing a violation's significance due to positive qualities of the actor Labeling = Classifying an act as deviant after it is discovered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might individuals be more tolerant of deviance within family members?

    <p>Emotional connection and potential cost of punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Audience reactions to rule violations can vary based on their level of _______ in the community regarding the behavior.

    <p>concern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Group Cohesion and Conformity

    • A group is a social unit consisting of two or more people who view themselves as belonging to the group and are recognized as such by other members.
    • Group members are interdependent, meaning the progress of one member often influences the progress of others toward their shared objectives.
    • Groups have shared norms, which are expectations that regulate member behavior and guide actions. These norms structure and pattern relationships within the group.
    • Group cohesion is the strength of the desire members have to remain in the group and resist leaving. Highly cohesive groups exert strong influence over their members' time, energy, loyalty, and commitment.
    • High cohesiveness often fosters a positive interactional atmosphere that is characterized by a "we" feeling.
    • Cohesion can derive from social factors (liking each other) or task-relevant factors (shared task interest).

    Nature and Consequences of Cohesion

    • Social Cohesion describes when members stay in the group primarily due to their liking and desire to interact. This is often stronger in groups with similar members.
    • Task Cohesion explains group membership based on task interest and value. Higher task cohesion happens when tasks are interesting and challenging.
    • Cohesion affects interaction among group members. Highly cohesive groups' interactions are more cooperative, friendlier, and lead to more agreement attempts.
    • Members of cohesive groups are often more susceptible to influence by other members' expectations.
    • Cohesion impacts group structure and goals, influencing how groups define and pursue desirable and important outcomes.

    Roles in Groups

    • Roles are sets of functions that members perform within a group.
    • Members have expectations for each other's roles and responsibilities, leading to likely demands and expectations.
    • Group roles help groups achieve their goals through a division of labor where different members' specific tasks help the group function effectively.

    Conformity to Group Norms

    • Norms are rules or standards that guide groups' member behaviors specifying how members are expected to behave under different circumstances.
    • Norms regulate a group's actions and activities, foster coordination, and give group members a shared understanding of the standards.
    • Norms provide a cognitive frame of reference for group members, influencing interpretations of their environment and assisting in distinguishing between what is considered acceptable and unacceptable in the group.
    • Norms define and strengthen common group identity, often requiring members to act differently from those outside the group.

    Conformity

    • Conformity happens when an individual adheres to group norms and standards. Group members often expressly change their behavior to match group norms.
    • The Asch Conformity Paradigm examines how majorities in a group influence the behavior of individual members, demonstrating how pressure to conform can cause individuals to publicly agree with incorrect majority opinions even when they privately disagree.
    • Normative Influence highlights how members conform as dictated by majority pressures in order to avoid judgment, dislike, or possible punishment; they want to be liked and accepted by the group.
    • Informational Influence arises when members conform as a way to reduce uncertainty and ambiguity by accepting information from other members as valid and truthful.

    Increasing Conformity

    • Group size significantly influences conformity when the majority is unanimous. Larger majorities exert greater pressures to conform.
    • Unanimity within the group's majority greatly influences conformity; breaking this unanimity diminishes the pressure to conform.
    • Member attraction to the group is a major factor influencing conformity; individuals more strongly attracted to the group are more likely to conform to group norms.
    • Anticipation of future interaction with the group also influences conformity; members more likely to conform when they expect interaction with the group to be enduring or permanent.
    • Members' competence and expertise level relative to others within the group plays a role in resistance to conformity pressures.

    Minority Influence in Groups

    • Minority influence refers to a situation where a group of individuals with differing perspectives seeks to persuade majority viewpoints within the group.
    • Minority influence can occur if members with differing viewpoints effectively persuade majority members to adopt their perspective.

    Group Structure and Performance

    • Group structure is the framework of the roles, responsibilities, and communication patterns within groups. It impacts how efficiently group members execute their tasks.
    • Group leadership defines formal and informal hierarchies, coordinating group actions.
    • Leadership plays a critical role in defining responsibilities and managing group activities to reach established objectives effectively.
    • Endorsement of formal leaders can derive from high-status members in the hierarchy (authorization) or from lower-status members.

    Activities of Leaders

    • Leaders identify clear objectives and communicate them to group members.
    • They develop strategies to achieve these objectives.
    • Leaders establish group productivity norms, facilitate communication, and recruit new members when needed.
    • Leaders provide guidance, training, and manage group relations and conflicts. They monitor progress and act on necessary corrective actions.

    Productivity and Performance

    • Group productivity is the output from groups measured against some standard, often compared to the level of resources utilized and group objectives or targets.
    • Efficient group performance relies on members' coordination and specialization for division of labor, leading to levels of efficiency that surpass individual contributions.

    Group Decision Making

    • Groups often consider multiple options before selecting one for their respective decisions, weighing options against considerations like potential outcomes, advantages, and disadvantages.
    • Groupthink is a problematic group decision-making style where pressures for unanimity overwhelm careful consideration of alternative courses of action.
    • Group decision-making is a critical process influencing a group's ability to achieve its goals.

    Deviant Behavior and Social Reaction

    • Deviance is a social construction; behaviors defined as deviant relate to the specific norms within a particular situation or context.

    • Deviant behavior encompasses a wide array of actions, such as shoplifting, crime, cheating, and various other infractions.

    • Anomie theory suggests that social deviance exists when people struggle to find legitimate means to achieve culturally valued goals.

    • Anomie occurs when a person is unable to attain their goals via legitimate means, a state that can create a lack of commitment to norms and goals.

    • Learning structures and opportunity structures in societies also influence opportunities for deviant behavior.

    Control Theory

    • Control theory emphasizes the role of social bonds and connections in deterring deviance.
    • Social bonds, including attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief, encourage conformity.
    • People conform to norms due to their commitment to goals and respect for authorities and established social orders.

    Differential Association Theory

    • Differential association theory highlights the role of learning from others in defining and adopting deviant behavior.
    • Individuals learn deviant behavior through interactions with others who engage in it.

    Reactions to Norm Variations

    • Reacting to norm violations can lead to several consequences.
    • Labeling theory is critical in understanding the role of community reactions in defining an act as deviant.
    • Labeling theory explains how labeling a person affects their self-concept, perceptions, behaviors, and opportunities.

    Self-Perception of the Deviant

    • Stigma and labels related to deviance influence self-perception and relationships with others.
    • Acceptance or rejection of a stigmatized identity significantly impacts how an individual perceives themselves within society.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on group dynamics and cohesion with this quiz. Explore the attributes and characteristics that define effective groups. Each question challenges your understanding of group behavior and interaction.

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