Questions and Answers
The ______ is an imaginary line that runs around the middle of the Earth and divides it into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Equator
The Earth completes one full ______ around the Sun in a year.
revolution
The ______ occurs when the Sun is directly above the equator, resulting in equal amounts of day and night.
equinox
During the summer solstice, the Northern Hemisphere experiences the longest ______ of the year.
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In some regions, the phenomenon known as the ______ sun occurs, where the sun remains visible for 24 hours during summer.
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The Earth's ______ impacts the pattern of day and night.
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The two times of the year when day and night are of equal length are called ______.
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The ______ is the point in Earth's orbit where it is closest to the Sun.
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During the ______ solstice, the Northern Hemisphere experiences the longest day of the year.
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A leap year occurs every _____ years to keep our calendar in alignment with the Earth's orbit around the Sun.
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Study Notes
Motion of the Earth
- Earth rotates on its axis, completing one rotation approximately every 24 hours, which leads to the cycle of day and night.
- Earth revolves around the Sun, taking about 365.25 days to complete one full orbit, which defines a year.
Rotation and Revolution
- Rotation refers to Earth spinning on its axis, while revolution is the orbital path around the Sun.
- The tilt of Earth’s axis (approximately 23.5 degrees) affects seasonal changes during revolution.
Effects of Earth's Rotation
- Creates day and night due to different parts of the Earth facing the Sun or being in shadow.
- Influences wind patterns and ocean currents.
Day and Night
- When one half of Earth faces the Sun, it experiences daytime; the opposite half experiences night.
- The transition between day and night occurs gradually due to the curvature of the Earth.
Effects of Earth’s Revolution
- Responsible for the changing seasons based on Earth's tilt and position relative to the Sun.
- Seasonal variations in temperature and daylight hours occur with each season.
Solstices
- Solstices mark the points in the year when the Sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky at noon.
- Summer solstice occurs around June 21, while winter solstice occurs around December 21.
Equinox
- Equinoxes occur when day and night are approximately equal in length, happening around March 21 (Vernal Equinox) and September 23 (Autumnal Equinox).
Seasons
- The four seasons – spring, summer, autumn, and winter – are influenced by Earth's axial tilt and its orbit around the Sun.
- Temperature and daylight vary significantly across the seasons.
Midnight Sun and Polar Night
- Midnight Sun occurs in summer months in polar regions, where the Sun remains visible at midnight.
- Polar Night happens in winter months, where the Sun does not rise above the horizon.
Leap Years
- Leap years occur every four years to add an extra day (February 29) to the calendar, compensating for the extra 0.25 days it takes for Earth to complete its orbit around the Sun.
Orbit
- Earth follows an elliptical orbit around the Sun, affecting distance and solar energy received.
Perihelion
- Perihelion is the point in Earth's orbit where it is closest to the Sun, occurring around January 3.
Aphelion
- Aphelion is the point in Earth's orbit where it is farthest from the Sun, occurring around July 4.
Equator
- The Equator is an imaginary line dividing the Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, located at 0 degrees latitude.
Northern Hemisphere
- The Northern Hemisphere includes continents like North America, Europe, and parts of Asia and experiences seasonal variations opposite to the Southern Hemisphere.
Southern Hemisphere
- The Southern Hemisphere includes continents like Australia and parts of Africa, experiencing seasons reversed from those in the Northern Hemisphere.
Motion of the Earth
- Earth rotates on its axis, completing one rotation approximately every 24 hours, which leads to the cycle of day and night.
- Earth revolves around the Sun, taking about 365.25 days to complete one full orbit, which defines a year.
Rotation and Revolution
- Rotation refers to Earth spinning on its axis, while revolution is the orbital path around the Sun.
- The tilt of Earth’s axis (approximately 23.5 degrees) affects seasonal changes during revolution.
Effects of Earth's Rotation
- Creates day and night due to different parts of the Earth facing the Sun or being in shadow.
- Influences wind patterns and ocean currents.
Day and Night
- When one half of Earth faces the Sun, it experiences daytime; the opposite half experiences night.
- The transition between day and night occurs gradually due to the curvature of the Earth.
Effects of Earth’s Revolution
- Responsible for the changing seasons based on Earth's tilt and position relative to the Sun.
- Seasonal variations in temperature and daylight hours occur with each season.
Solstices
- Solstices mark the points in the year when the Sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky at noon.
- Summer solstice occurs around June 21, while winter solstice occurs around December 21.
Equinox
- Equinoxes occur when day and night are approximately equal in length, happening around March 21 (Vernal Equinox) and September 23 (Autumnal Equinox).
Seasons
- The four seasons – spring, summer, autumn, and winter – are influenced by Earth's axial tilt and its orbit around the Sun.
- Temperature and daylight vary significantly across the seasons.
Midnight Sun and Polar Night
- Midnight Sun occurs in summer months in polar regions, where the Sun remains visible at midnight.
- Polar Night happens in winter months, where the Sun does not rise above the horizon.
Leap Years
- Leap years occur every four years to add an extra day (February 29) to the calendar, compensating for the extra 0.25 days it takes for Earth to complete its orbit around the Sun.
Orbit
- Earth follows an elliptical orbit around the Sun, affecting distance and solar energy received.
Perihelion
- Perihelion is the point in Earth's orbit where it is closest to the Sun, occurring around January 3.
Aphelion
- Aphelion is the point in Earth's orbit where it is farthest from the Sun, occurring around July 4.
Equator
- The Equator is an imaginary line dividing the Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, located at 0 degrees latitude.
Northern Hemisphere
- The Northern Hemisphere includes continents like North America, Europe, and parts of Asia and experiences seasonal variations opposite to the Southern Hemisphere.
Southern Hemisphere
- The Southern Hemisphere includes continents like Australia and parts of Africa, experiencing seasons reversed from those in the Northern Hemisphere.
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Description
This quiz explores Chapter 2 of the Grade 6 Geography curriculum, focusing on the motion of the Earth. Topics include the concepts of rotation and revolution, the effects of these motions, and phenomena such as solstices, equinoxes, and the seasons. Participants will deepen their understanding of Earth's position in space, as well as related concepts like orbit and leap years.
