Go Language Basics

Syntax

Variables

• Declared using the var keyword
• Can be declared at the package or function level
• Must be initialized before use
• Example: var x int = 10

Data Types

• Integers: int, int8, int16, int32, int64, uint, uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64
• Floats: float32, float64
• Complex: complex64, complex128
• Boolean: bool
• String: string
• Arrays: []T, where T is the type of the elements
• Slices: []T, similar to arrays, but dynamic size
• Structs: struct { field1 T1; field2 T2; ... }
• Pointers: *T, where T is the type of the variable

Control Flow

• If: if condition { code }
• If-Else: if condition { code } else { code }
• Switch: switch expression { case value1: code; case value2: code; ... }
• For: for init; condition; post { code } or for range := range expression { code }
• Range: range keyword used to iterate over arrays, slices, or strings
• Break: break statement used to exit a loop or switch
• Continue: continue statement used to skip to the next iteration of a loop

Functions

• Declaration: func name(param1 type1, param2 type2, ...) return_type { code }
• Function Calls: name(arg1, arg2, ...)
• Return: return statement used to return values from a function
• Multiple Return Values: return val1, val2, ...

Error Handling

• Error Type: error type used to represent errors
• Error Values: nil represents no error
• Panic: panic function used to stop the execution of the program and return an error
• Recover: recover function used to regain control of a panicking program

Variables

• Declared using the var keyword
• Can be declared at the package or function level
• Must be initialized before use
• Example: var x int = 10

Data Types

Integers

• int, int8, int16, int32, int64
• uint, uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64

Floats

• float32, float64

Complex

• complex64, complex128

Boolean

• bool

String

• string

Arrays

• []T, where T is the type of the elements

Slices

• []T, similar to arrays, but dynamic size

Structs

• struct { field1 T1; field2 T2;...}

Pointers

• *T, where T is the type of the variable

Control Flow

Conditional Statements

• if condition { code }
• if condition { code } else { code }

Switch Statements

• switch expression { case value1: code; case value2: code;...}

Loops

• for init; condition; post { code }
• for range := range expression { code }
• range keyword used to iterate over arrays, slices, or strings

Break and Continue

• break statement used to exit a loop or switch
• continue statement used to skip to the next iteration of a loop

Functions

Function Declaration

• func name(param1 type1, param2 type2,...) return_type { code }

Function Calls

• name(arg1, arg2,...)

Return Statement

• return statement used to return values from a function

Multiple Return Values

• return val1, val2,...

Error Handling

Error Type

• error type used to represent errors

Error Values

• nil represents no error

Panic and Recover

• panic function used to stop the execution of the program and return an error
• recover function used to regain control of a panicking program

Occurrence and Habitat of Algae

• Algae can be found in various habitats, including:
  • Hydrophytes: submerged or free-floating on the surface of water
  • Epiphytes: growing on other plants
  • Epizoophytes: growing on animals such as mollusks, shells, fish, and turtles

Five Kingdom Classification

• The five kingdoms of classification are:
  • Monera
  • Protista
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
  • Animalia

Modern Classification of Algae

• Modern classification of algae is based on:
  • Pigments: kinds and relative amounts
  • Other criteria, including:
    • Physiological and biochemical characteristics (thanks to modern techniques)
    • Electron microscopy (EM) observations
    • Laboratory culturing of algae

Distribution of Algae

• Algae can be found in:
  • Fresh water: abundantly in ponds, lakes, slow-running streams, and water reservoirs
  • Salt water: in marine environments