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Questions and Answers
What operation does the LOAD command perform?
What operation does the LOAD command perform?
- Places the contents of LOC into the ACC while leaving LOC unchanged. (correct)
- Multiplies the ACC by the contents of LOC.
- Stores the contents of the ACC at the location LOC.
- Adds the contents of LOC to the ACC.
What happens to the contents of the ACC after an ADD operation?
What happens to the contents of the ACC after an ADD operation?
- The sum of LOC and ACC is stored in LOC.
- The sum of LOC and ACC is stored in the ACC, with addition modulo 1,000,000. (correct)
- The contents of LOC are unchanged.
- The contents of LOC are added to the ACC and stored in LOC.
During a SUB operation, what is the result that is stored in the ACC?
During a SUB operation, what is the result that is stored in the ACC?
- The negative of the contents of LOC.
- The difference calculated modulo 1,000,000. (correct)
- The contents of LOC subtracted from zero.
- The difference between the contents of LOC and ACC, using standard subtraction.
In a DIV operation, what part of the result is stored in the ACC?
In a DIV operation, what part of the result is stored in the ACC?
Which condition will trigger a branch operation using the BE command?
Which condition will trigger a branch operation using the BE command?
What is the purpose of assembly language in programming?
What is the purpose of assembly language in programming?
What does the accumulator (ACC) store in an assembly language program?
What does the accumulator (ACC) store in an assembly language program?
What is the function of the LABEL field in an assembly language instruction?
What is the function of the LABEL field in an assembly language instruction?
Which of the following is true about opcodes in assembly language?
Which of the following is true about opcodes in assembly language?
What occurs if an END instruction is not encountered during execution?
What occurs if an END instruction is not encountered during execution?
What happens when the instruction 'LOAD =123' is executed?
What happens when the instruction 'LOAD =123' is executed?
Which statement about the LOC field is correct?
Which statement about the LOC field is correct?
What is the initial value of the accumulator (ACC) in an assembly language program?
What is the initial value of the accumulator (ACC) in an assembly language program?
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Study Notes
Assembly Language Programming Overview
- High-level languages are converted into assembly language by compilers, which are further turned into machine language by assemblers.
- Understanding assembly language is crucial for programmers to grasp compiler constraints and to optimize for speed or memory use.
- ACSL developed its own simplified assembly language framework to avoid complexities associated with actual assembly languages.
Program Execution
- Execution starts at the program's first line and continues sequentially until the END instruction is reached.
- Program results are stored in an "accumulator" (ACC), which starts with an initial value of 0.
Program Structure
- Each assembly language program line consists of three fields: LABEL, OPCODE, and LOC.
- LABEL: An optional alphanumeric string, case-sensitive, starting with an alphabetic character.
- OPCODE: Reserved uppercase words (case-sensitive) denoting operations, cannot be used as labels.
- LOC: Can be either a reference to a label or immediate data.
Instruction Functions
- LOAD: Stores the contents of LOC in ACC; LOC remains unchanged.
- STORE: Transfers contents of ACC to LOC; ACC remains unchanged.
- ADD: Adds content of LOC to ACC; the sum is stored in ACC (modulo 1,000,000) while LOC remains unchanged.
- SUB: Subtracts contents of LOC from ACC; the difference is stored in ACC (modulo 1,000,000) with LOC unchanged.
- MULT: Multiplies the contents of LOC by ACC; product is stored in ACC (modulo 1,000,000) while LOC remains intact.
- DIV: Divides the ACC by contents of LOC; signed integer part of the quotient is stored in ACC with LOC unchanged.
Branch Instructions
- BG (Branch Greater): Branch to labeled instruction if ACC > 0.
- BE (Branch Equal): Branch if ACC = 0.
- BL (Branch Less): Branch if ACC < 0.
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