Biochemistry LE 2: Glycogen Metabolism
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Biochemistry LE 2: Glycogen Metabolism

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Questions and Answers

What is the byproduct of the reaction catalyzed by glycogen synthase?

  • GTP
  • UTP (correct)
  • ATP
  • CTP

    • What is the coenzyme required by glycogen phosphorylase?

  • Coenzyme A
  • Flavin adenine dinucleotide
  • Thiamine pyrophosphate
  • Pyridoxal phosphate (correct)

    • What is the enzyme deficiency that affects glycogen storage and metabolism?

  • Glycogen synthase
  • Phosphoglucomutase-1
  • Glycogenin-1
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is the substrate for glycogen synthase?

    <p>UDP-Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of glycogen phosphorylase?

    <p>Glucose-1-phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disease associated with Glucose transporter-2 deficiency?

    <p>Fanconi-Bickel disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme that converts Glucose 6-phosphate to Glucose 1-phosphate?

    <p>Phosphoglucomutase-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the precursor used in the gluconeogenesis route to produce glucose-6-phosphate?

    <p>Alanine and lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of glycogen phosphorylase?

    <p>Glucose 1-PO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of phosphoglucomutase in the glycogenolysis pathway?

    <p>Converts Glucose 1-PO4 to Glucose 6-PO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does dephosphorylation of Glucose 6-PO4 occur?

    <p>Liver only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of branching enzyme in glycogen synthesis?

    <p>Transfers a part of the α-1,4 chain to an adjacent chain to form an α-1,6 linkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of glycogen phosphorylase?

    <p>It cannot act on the last 4 glucose units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does glycogen phosphorylase require a transferase enzyme?

    <p>Because it cannot act on the last 4 glucose units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of glycogen synthase in glycogen synthesis?

    <p>Adds glucose molecules to the glycogen chain via α-1,4 glycosidic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the further addition of α-1,4 glucosyl units and further branching in glycogen synthesis?

    <p>A multi-branched structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of phosphorylation on glycogen synthase?

    <p>Inactivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of phosphatases in glycogen synthesis?

    <p>Activation of glycogen synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of glucose-6-phosphate on glycogen synthase activity?

    <p>Stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased glycogen concentration on glycogen synthase activity?

    <p>Inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glycogen synthase kinase in regulating glycogen synthase activity?

    <p>Inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of 5’AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) in regulating glycogen synthase activity?

    <p>Kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Glycogen-Targeting Protein (GM Protein) in regulating glycogen synthase activity?

    <p>Phosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on glycogen synthesis?

    <p>Stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when protein kinase phosphorylates phosphorylase kinase B?

    <p>It leads to the activation of glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on cAMP synthesis?

    <p>It decreases cAMP synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers cAMP-independent activation of glycogenolysis in the liver?

    <p>Epinephrine and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activates calcium calmodulin-sensitive phosphorylase kinase?

    <p>Calcium mobilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of phosphorylase A inactivation?

    <p>It decreases glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can activate cAMP-independent glycogenolysis in the liver?

    <p>Epinephrine, norepinephrine, vasopressin, oxytocin, and angiotensin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of alpha-adrenergic receptor activation in the liver?

    <p>Activation of glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of phosphodiesterase activity on glycogenolysis?

    <p>It decreases glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on phosphorylase B?

    <p>It indirectly inhibits the activation of phosphorylase B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to glycogenolysis when phosphorylase kinase is inhibited?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cAMP on phosphorylase kinase?

    <p>It activates phosphorylase kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ATP on phosphorylase kinase B in muscle?

    <p>It inhibits phosphorylase kinase B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of glucose 6-phosphate on protein phosphatase?

    <p>It activates protein phosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cAMP on protein phosphatase?

    <p>It inhibits protein phosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on glycogenolysis?

    <p>It decreases glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of glucose 6-phosphate on glycogenolysis?

    <p>It decreases glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of phosphorylase kinase on glycogenolysis?

    <p>It increases glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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