Cell Injury I

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Which of the following is a cause of cell stress mentioned in the text?

Aging

Hormonal stimulation

Hyperplasia

Infection (correct)

Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase in cell size?

Hyperplasia

Hypertrophy (correct)

Atrophy

Metaplasia

What is the mechanism that causes atrophy in cells?

Increased physical demand

Growth factor stimulation

Altered hormone levels

Decreased blood supply (correct)

Which of the following is an example of hypertrophy?

Increased cardiac muscle cell size in the left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is the cellular adaptation characterized by an increase in mitosis resulting in a greater number of cells?

Hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen?

Catalase Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the abnormal increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ?

Hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ATP in cells?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a possible cause or condition that can lead to cell stress and injury?

Normal cell function Signup and view all the answers

What is the most toxic free radical species?

Hydroxyl radical Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is one of the 4 general principles that underlie our understanding of the steps in cell injury and pathogenesis?

Ischemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can lead to loss of ATP production in mitochondria?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 key biochemical events observed during most instances of cell injury?

Decreased ATP production, increased Ca++ levels, decreased oxygen supply Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hydropic change in cells?

Loss of sodium-potassium ATPase activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the downstream effect of dysregulation of intracellular Ca++ levels that leads to additional injury of various cellular components?

Activation of proteases and lipases Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment is the end product of the degradation of hemoglobin from red blood cells?

Bilirubin Signup and view all the answers

What condition is noticed when concentrations of bilirubin in the blood exceed 2.0 mg/dL?

Jaundice Signup and view all the answers

What is the brown granules that accumulate in macrophages and parenchymal cells and is a hemoglobin-derived, iron-containing pigment?

Hemosiderin Signup and view all the answers

What is the insoluble product of the cell's lifetime of free radical injury and other insults known as?

Lipofuscin Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 key biochemical events that may lead to damage in one or multiple compartments of the cell?

Loss of function, ATP depletion, and increased intracellular calcium Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cellular target for free radical injury?

Double strand breaks in DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important target for free radical injury?

Lipid peroxidation of membranes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for the breakage of membrane lipids?

Lipid peroxidation Signup and view all the answers

What happens when free radicals attack double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acids of membrane lipids?

The double bonds break Signup and view all the answers

What are the breakage products of lipid peroxidation?

Peroxides Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of metaplasia?

It is a change in the state of differentiation of a cell in response to a stress Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of metaplasia?

Replacement of normal stratified squamous epithelium of the lower esophagus with a columnar epithelial cell type Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of fatty change of the liver?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an accumulation of protein in cells?

Accumulation of proteins in proximal tubule cells of the kidney Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of atheroma?

Accumulation of lipids in the intimal thickenings of vessels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about metaplasia?

Metaplasia is the conversion of one type of cell into another type of cell. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of metaplasia?

Replacement of normal stratified squamous epithelium of the lower esophagus with a columnar epithelial cell type. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes?

Fatty change of the liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about accumulations in cells?

Accumulations can be normal or abnormal substances. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the accumulation of proteins in proximal tubule cells of the kidney in patients with nephrotic syndrome?

Eosinophilic droplets Signup and view all the answers

Cell Injury I

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a cause of cell stress mentioned in the text?

Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase in cell size?

What is the mechanism that causes atrophy in cells?

Which of the following is an example of hypertrophy?

What is the cellular adaptation characterized by an increase in mitosis resulting in a greater number of cells?

Which enzyme converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen?

Which term describes the abnormal increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ?

What is the primary function of ATP in cells?

Which of the following is NOT a possible cause or condition that can lead to cell stress and injury?

What is the most toxic free radical species?

Which of the following is one of the 4 general principles that underlie our understanding of the steps in cell injury and pathogenesis?

Which of the following can lead to loss of ATP production in mitochondria?

What are the 3 key biochemical events observed during most instances of cell injury?

What is the primary cause of hydropic change in cells?

What is the downstream effect of dysregulation of intracellular Ca++ levels that leads to additional injury of various cellular components?

Which pigment is the end product of the degradation of hemoglobin from red blood cells?

What condition is noticed when concentrations of bilirubin in the blood exceed 2.0 mg/dL?

What is the brown granules that accumulate in macrophages and parenchymal cells and is a hemoglobin-derived, iron-containing pigment?

What is the insoluble product of the cell's lifetime of free radical injury and other insults known as?

What are the 3 key biochemical events that may lead to damage in one or multiple compartments of the cell?

Which of the following is NOT a cellular target for free radical injury?

What is the most important target for free radical injury?

Which of the following is responsible for the breakage of membrane lipids?

What happens when free radicals attack double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acids of membrane lipids?

What are the breakage products of lipid peroxidation?

Which of the following is a characteristic of metaplasia?

Which of the following is an example of metaplasia?

Which of the following is a cause of fatty change of the liver?

Which of the following is an example of an accumulation of protein in cells?

Which of the following is a characteristic of atheroma?

Which of the following is a correct statement about metaplasia?

Which of the following is an example of metaplasia?

What is the term for the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes?

Which of the following is a correct statement about accumulations in cells?

What is the term for the accumulation of proteins in proximal tubule cells of the kidney in patients with nephrotic syndrome?

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