Pathology: Cell Injury and Its Causes

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What is the result of the accumulation of water, fat, protein, cholesterol, glycogen, iron, calcium, or pigments in the cell?

Apoptosis

Necrosis

Hypoxia

Reversible injury (correct)

Which of the following is not a cause of cell injury?

Nutritional imbalances

Hormonal imbalance (correct)

Genetic derangements

Infection

What is the result of severe or prolonged cell injury?

Mitochondrial damage

Reversible injury

Irreversible injury (correct)

Cell swelling

What is the mechanism of cell injury that involves the accumulation of oxygen-derived free radicals?

Oxidative stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of programmed cell death?

Apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a physical agent that can cause cell injury?

Electric shock Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of the accumulation of lipofuscin in cells?

Cellular injury Signup and view all the answers

In which organs is fatty change, or steatosis, most commonly seen?

Liver only Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the intracellular accumulation of water, characterized by small amounts of water causing cell swelling with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm?

Cloudy swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the accumulation of protein in the kidney, often as a result of proteinuria?

Protein accumulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of cellular accumulation that occurs in patients with hemochromatosis?

Iron accumulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between cloudy swelling and hydropic swelling?

Amount of water accumulated Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fatty change in the liver?

Progress to liver cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of the liver in fatty change under a microscope?

Small clear intracellular vacuoles Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of diffuse fatty change in the heart?

Heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of special stains in the diagnosis of fatty change?

To stain the fat orange or black Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of bilirubin accumulation in the liver?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the gross appearance of the liver in fatty change?

Enlarged, soft, and greasy with a yellow color Signup and view all the answers