Global Cities and Marriage Practices Quiz
42 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of global cities according to Sassen?

  • Divided labor market
  • Integrated agricultural economy (correct)
  • Polarization in wealth
  • Transnational identity

What is a common concern of anti-globalism advocates?

  • Environmental issues (correct)
  • Promotion of local businesses
  • Increased corporate social responsibility
  • Enhanced global cooperation

Which city is NOT listed among the main global cities?

  • Beijing
  • Tokyo
  • Dubai
  • Barcelona (correct)

What aspect does alterglobalism primarily focus on?

<p>Eradicating social injustice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option represents a feature of the international labor market in global cities?

<p>Diverse labor sectors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of marriage involves a widow marrying her deceased husband's brother?

<p>Levirate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the complete prohibition of sexual contact between certain relatives called?

<p>Incest taboo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of marriage is most commonly practiced, accounting for about 80% of all societies?

<p>Polygyny (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the practice of marrying individuals from different social groups called?

<p>Exogamy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following typically involves the exchange of goods or payment?

<p>Marriage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of marriage is the least commonly practiced?

<p>Polyandry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cultural practice where individuals marry their cross-cousins known as?

<p>Cousin marriage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason for divorce mentioned in various cultures?

<p>Infertility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary conclusion of the IPCC report signed by 195 countries?

<p>Human-made changes significantly influence climate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the nine barriers of Earth resilience?

<p>Renewable energy consumption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which geological division does the Anthropocene epoch fall?

<p>Cenozoic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pair of challenges is NOT mentioned at an ontological level concerning the Anthropocene?

<p>Biology - metaphysics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the three boundaries crossed since 2009 is correct?

<p>CO2, biosphere, and nitrogen and phosphorus boundaries have been crossed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes cultural evolution in relation to human biology?

<p>Culture evolves faster than human biology. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not one of the change models mentioned related to cultural change?

<p>Cultural imperialism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of human classification from the kingdom down to species?

<p>Mammalia - Primates - Hominidea - Homininae - Hominini - Homo - Homo sapiens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant physical change in human ancestors is primarily driven by adaptation?

<p>Changes in skull and brain size. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the tendency to view one's own culture as superior to others?

<p>Ethnocentrism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes men's work in the context of division of labor?

<p>It demands more strength, mobility, and risk-taking. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key tool associated with Homo habilis?

<p>Oldowan tools used for hunting. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is significantly involved in labor within hunter-gatherer societies?

<p>Young children and elderly individuals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary difference between biological and cultural adaptation?

<p>Cultural adaptation can occur in a single generation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which period did Homo erectus show significant biological and cultural adaptations?

<p>Pleistocene Epoch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the implications of compensatory mechanisms in egalitarian cultures?

<p>They promote equal distribution of resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes 'reciprocal exchange'?

<p>Exchange that impacts social bonds with a temporary aspect. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes redistribution as a form of exchange?

<p>It originates from social structures and emphasizes prestige. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does technology play in labor division among different societies?

<p>It varies significantly across hunter-gatherer and agricultural groups. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In traditional households, how is the exchange of labor and produced goods characterized?

<p>It lacks intermediaries between labor and goods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about women's work?

<p>It is primarily focused around the home. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main aspects of globalization?

<p>Political, Economic, Cultural (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which corporation is noted for having significant historical power and trade influence from 1602 to 1799?

<p>Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What economic power dynamics emerged in Brazil during the 1964 military coup?

<p>Partnership with corporations for road construction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of Coca Cola's operations in Mexico?

<p>Privatization of water resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanisms began globalization after World War II?

<p>Development of international organizations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of modern corporations highlighted in the content?

<p>Economic power overshadowing political power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is glyphosate primarily used for?

<p>Non-selective herbicide in agriculture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be an outcome of corporate practices regarding the appropriation of ideas and resources?

<p>Exploitation of local resources for profit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

IPCC

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a scientific body that assesses the science related to climate change.

Anthropocene

A proposed new geological epoch marked by significant human impact on the Earth's systems.

Earth Resilience Boundaries

A set of nine planetary boundaries that define safe operating spaces for humanity within Earth's systems.

Climate Change

The increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere due to human activities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Biosphere Integrity

The disruption of the Earth's natural ecosystems due to human activities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prehistory

The idea that human history is divided into periods before and after the development of writing, with prehistory being the period before written records.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Biological Adaptation

A change in genetic features of a population over generations due to environmental pressures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cultural Adaptation

The process by which humans develop behavioral and technological strategies to cope with their environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Homo Habilis

A prominent early hominin species, known for its tool-making abilities, that lived between 2.5 million to 1.6 million years ago.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Homo Erectus

A hominin species known for its larger brain size, use of fire, and migration across continents, existing from 2 million to 117,000 years ago.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anthropogenesis

The study of the origins and development of human beings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cultural Change

The process of cultural change that occurs through interactions and exchanges between different cultures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ethnocentrism

The belief that one's own culture is superior to others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gendered Division of Labor

The division of work based on a person's sex.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Age-Based Division of Labor

The involvement of children and elderly in labor varies across societies, with differences in hunter-gatherer, agricultural, and industrial communities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cooperation in Work

Collective effort in production, common in households and families, evolved in industrial communities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Specialization in Work

Specialization in a particular skill or craft, leading to the rise of artisans after the Neolithic period.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Technology in Work

A range of technologies used in societies, from tools to materials and knowledge, influencing production methods.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Compensatory Mechanisms

Practices that prevent the accumulation of wealth and promote equality in societies.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Distribution and Exchange

Systems of exchange in societies: reciprocal exchange involves the exchange of goods or services between individuals; redistribution involves a central authority collecting and redistributing goods; trade involves buying and selling through markets.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reciprocal Exchange

The act of exchanging goods or services with an expectation of return, fostering social bonds.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Incest taboo

A cultural practice where individuals are prohibited from having sexual relationships with certain relatives, usually parents and children, or siblings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Endogamy

Marriage within a specific social group, like a caste or ethnic group.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Exogamy

Marriage outside of a specific social group, often to connect with alliances or expand networks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Serial monogamy

A type of marriage where an individual has multiple spouses, but only one at a time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Polygamy

A form of marriage where one spouse has multiple partners.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Polyandry

A form of marriage where a woman has multiple husbands, often brothers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Levirate

The practice of a widow marrying the brother of their deceased husband.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sororate

The practice of a widower marrying the sister of their deceased wife.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Globalization

The increasing interconnectedness of nations and countries through various aspects like political, economic, and cultural exchanges.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Global Corporations

Large companies with operations and influence in multiple countries, often holding significant economic and political power.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Creating Needs (Globalization)

The process of creating or shaping consumer desires and needs, often driven by marketing and advertising.

Signup and view all the flashcards

International Organizations (Globalization)

International organizations like the World Bank or WTO, which play a key role in shaping global economic policies and trade agreements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Corporate Greed

The act of using resources, ideas, and land for profit, often without considering the potential negative impacts on communities or the environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Influence of Marketing

The use of influential tactics to manipulate cultural practices, such as marketing to encourage consumption of certain products.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Power in the Hands of the Few

The concentration of power in the hands of a small group of people, often associated with global corporations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Privatization of Resources

An approach to resource management that often prioritizes privatization and market forces, potentially leading to limited access and affordability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Global City Characteristics

Global cities are characterized by a diverse and interconnected workforce with a strong presence of international businesses, migrant populations, and a divided labor market. These cities are financially dominant, with a concentration of wealth and a stark division between the core and periphery.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Top 10 Global Cities

New York, London, Singapore, Hong Kong, Paris, Beijing, Tokyo, Shanghai, and Dubai are all considered major global cities due to their influential roles in finance, trade, and culture.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anti-globalism

Anti-globalization refers to a movement that criticizes the negative effects of globalization, particularly on developing countries. It argues that globalization often leads to exploitation, environmental damage, and the erosion of local cultures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alterglobalism

Alterglobalism is a movement that aims to reform globalization by promoting greater equity, sustainability, and democratic participation. It seeks to make globalization more inclusive and beneficial for all, particularly for marginalized communities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sassen's Theory of Global Cities

Sassen's theory argues that global cities are characterized by a complex and divided labor market, with an international workforce, transnational identities, and a corporate culture that emphasizes global integration. This division contributes to social inequalities within these cities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

IPCC Report

  • The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a report in 2021.
  • The report, titled "Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis," was signed by 195 countries.
  • A key conclusion is that human activity significantly influences climate change.

Anthropocene

  • Anthropocene is a proposed geological division of Earth history.
  • It's characterized by the significant influence of human activities on the planet.
  • The current epoch is known as the Holocene.
  • Specific epochs: Pliocene, Pleistocene, Holocene.
  • Human activities impact Earth's systems.

Barriers to Earth Resilience

  • Climate change is a key barrier.
  • Biosphere integrity is another barrier.
  • Stratospheric ozone depletion is a barrier.
  • Ocean acidification poses a barrier.
  • Biochemical flows (nitrogen and phosphorus) to the biosphere and oceans are a concern.
  • Land system change is significant.
  • Freshwater consumption needs attention.
  • Air pollution and the release of novel entities impacts resilience.

Climate Change

  • A significant increase in atmospheric CO2 levels has been observed since 1950.
  • Greenhouse effect intensifies.
  • Global temperature averages are rising.
  • Ocean waters are warming.
  • Glacial ice is decreasing in size.

COP 2021 (COP26)

  • The primary goal was to find solutions to limit temperature increases.
  • Fossil fuel reduction was a key aim.
  • Investment in renewable energy sources was encouraged.
  • Protection of societies and nature was a priority.
  • Financial mobilization for climate action was targeted.
  • Collaboration between governments and societies was emphasized.

COP 2022 (COP27)

  • The UN climate change conference in Sharm el-Sheikh aimed to limit global temperature increases.
  • Loss and damage funds were created.
  • Addressing climate change was a key thematic aspect.
  • Financing for poorer countries was a complex issue.

COP 2023

  • The 2023 conference on climate change aimed for more inclusive discussions.
  • Increasing global ambition in climate mitigation was an objective.
  • Operationalizing the loss and damage fund was proposed.

COP 2024

  • The aims include solidarity within the global community for improved environmental outcomes.
  • Funding for increased adaptation and mitigation is being targeted.

UN - Other Actions

  • The UNDP focuses on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.
  • Indigenous and tribal rights are viewed as critical to environmental protection.
  • Local projects are seen as important.
  • "Saving forests to keep our climate safe." is a project aim.

Climate Catastrophe

  • The climate crisis creates a broader challenge that includes an equally important societal crisis.
  • The current climate conditions call for a shift in societal imagination.
  • People, including those in positions of power, need to act.

Beyond Anthropocene

  • The idea of anthropocene is a focus on human impact on nature.
  • Humans are increasingly acknowledging their part in shaping natural processes.
  • A move towards an ecocentric rather than anthropocentric worldview is discussed.

Anthropology

  • Anthropology is the science of the human species across all times and places.
  • Its research aims to explain why people in different cultures behave as they do.

Subsidiaries of Anthropology

  • Physical anthropology
  • Cultural anthropology
  • Applied anthropology
  • Academic anthropology
  • Social anthropology
  • Historic anthropology

Divisions of Anthropology

  • Ethnography
  • Ethnology
  • Anthropology

Perspectivism

  • It's a philosophical view which emphasizes that cognitive perception varies with differences in human experience, interpretation and understanding of phenomena.
  • It's challenging, if not impossible, for anthropology to achieve objectivity and neutrality, as any interpretation of events from a different cultural perspective are subject to many factors from different backgrounds and beliefs.

The Idea of Culture

  • Culture is a set of ideas, values, and perceptions prevalent in a society.
  • This shared understanding guides decision-making processes.
  • The characteristics define social groups.

Anthropogenesis

  • Evolution of humankind is a focus.
  • This includes physical changes and adaptations over time, alongside cultural evolution.
  • Crucial periods, such as the Stone Age, are detailed.

Chronological Order

  • Major human species timelines are outlined, covering important stages of human evolution and historical records.

Origins of Humans

  • The competing theories about human origins (Multiregional and "Out-of-Africa") are described.
  • The coexistence of different archaic Homo species during the Paleolithic is emphasized.

Anthropogenesis Clarification

  • Homo sapiens are central, dated to approximately 300,000 years ago.
  • The 40,000-year period (Out of Africa) is highlighted.

Physical Diversity

  • The concept of "race" is critiqued in relation to biology.
  • There are no fundamental differences in intelligence among human populations.
  • The variety in physical traits is linked to environmental pressures and adaptations.

Neolithic Revolution

  • The transition from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies is examined.
  • This shift altered social structures, land usage and lifestyle for humans.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

IPCC Report PDF

Description

This quiz explores the characteristics of global cities as defined by sociologist Saskia Sassen, along with various aspects of marriage practices around the world. It covers topics such as global relationships, anti-globalism concerns, and cultural marriage norms. Test your knowledge on these interconnected themes in social science.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser