Gilded Age & Progressive Era Overview

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Questions and Answers

Who was the financial banker that assisted Thomas Edison in forming General Electric Company?

Andrew Carnegie

Henry Ford

J.P. Morgan (correct)

John D. Rockefeller

Which movement focused on advocating for the rights of farmers and the working class against the wealth of industrialists?

Roosevelt Corollary

Populist Movement (correct)

Labor Union Movement

Progressive Movement

The term 'Robber Barons' refers to which group of individuals?

Political leaders advocating for social reforms

Bankers who financed public infrastructure

Labor leaders fighting for workers' rights

Wealthy industrialists accused of exploiting workers (correct)

What was the main purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act?

To regulate railroads and prevent monopolies Signup and view all the answers

Which process did Andrew Carnegie utilize to make steel affordable in the United States?

Bessemer Process Signup and view all the answers

Which President was elected in 1896 and 1900 and supported business interests?

William McKinley Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant outcome of the Progressive Movement?

The implementation of women's suffrage Signup and view all the answers

Who is known for refining oil into kerosene and starting Standard Oil Company?

John D. Rockefeller Signup and view all the answers

What significant legal measure was passed in 1890 to address illegal business practices?

The Sherman Antitrust Act Signup and view all the answers

In which significant event did the US Army kill over 300 Sioux?

Wounded Knee Massacre Signup and view all the answers

What role did the young men hired by ranchers fulfill?

Cattle drivers transporting cattle Signup and view all the answers

Who is known for leading the 7th Cavalry to a disastrous defeat at Little Bighorn?

George Armstrong Custer Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary intention of the Dawes Act?

To assimilate Native Americans into American culture Signup and view all the answers

What nickname was given to Theodore Roosevelt due to his actions against monopolies?

The Trustbuster Signup and view all the answers

Which amendment allowed women to vote?

19th Amendment Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Panama Canal, completed in 1914?

To shorten shipping routes between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Signup and view all the answers

Which act aimed at exposing corruption in the meatpacking industry?

The Federal Meat Inspection Act Signup and view all the answers

What was the name given to the cultural movement celebrating African American achievements in the 1920s?

The Harlem Renaissance Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of FDR's New Deal?

To provide relief and recovery during the Great Depression Signup and view all the answers

Which event marked the start of the Great Depression?

Stock Market Crash of 1929 Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Spanish-American War for the US?

The US gained territory and emerged as a world power Signup and view all the answers

Who was the leader of the Nazi Party during WWII?

Adolf Hitler Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gilded Age & Progressive Era

Gilded Age: A period of rapid economic growth but significant social inequality, where a few wealthy individuals controlled much of the nation's wealth while the working class struggled.
Robber Barons: Nickname given to extremely wealthy industrialists during the Gilded Age, criticized for exploitative business practices.
Labor Unions: Organizations formed to improve working conditions, wages, and safety for factory workers.
John D. Rockefeller: Oil tycoon and founder of Standard Oil Company, considered the richest man in America at the time.
Andrew Carnegie: Steel industry magnate, philanthropist, and owner of Carnegie Steel, known for the Bessemer process.
J.P. Morgan: Financier who played a major role in industrial consolidation. Helped finance Thomas Edison's General Electric.
Henry Ford: Innovator who used the assembly line to make automobiles more accessible and affordable.
William McKinley: U.S. President (Republican) during the late 1890s, helped by the rich to avoid regulations.
Sherman Antitrust Act: Legislation passed to curb the power of monopolies and prevent business practices that stifled competition (not fully enforced until later).
Sitting Bull: Lakota Sioux medicine man and leader who opposed assimilation and reservations.

Native American Conflicts

Sand Creek Massacre: U.S. military attack on a peaceful Cheyenne camp, resulting in significant casualties.
Battle of Little Bighorn: Victory for Lakota and Cheyenne forces against the U.S. 7th Cavalry, led by George Armstrong Custer.
George Armstrong Custer: Commander of the 7th Cavalry, notorious for his role in the Battle of Little Bighorn.
Sitting Bull: Leader of the Lakota Sioux, crucial figure in the resistance to reservation life.
Wounded Knee: The last major armed conflict between the U.S. military and Native Americans. A massacre with over 300 unarmed Sioux killed.
Dawes Act: Legislation that divided Native American reservations into smaller plots of land. Intended to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream culture.

Long Drive and other significant topics

Long Drive (Cattle Drive): Transport of cattle from western ranches to eastern markets. Cowboys performed this labor.
Populist Movement: A political movement advocating for the interests of farmers and the working class, opposing William McKinley.

Progressive Era

Progressive Movement: Reform movement seeking to address social and economic problems. Included issues of business, government corruption, and working class problems.
Muckrakers: Investigative journalists who exposed corruption and social injustices.
The Jungle: Upton Sinclair's novel exposing the unsanitary conditions of the meatpacking industry.
Susan B. Anthony: Leader in the women's suffrage movement, advocate for women's rights.
17th Amendment: Direct election of senators.
18th Amendment: Prohibition of alcohol (Prohibition)
19th Amendment: Women's suffrage (Right to vote).
Bull Moose Party: Progressive political party founded by Theodore Roosevelt.
Theodore Roosevelt: Progressive president known for conservation efforts, trust-busting, and foreign policy initiatives.

US Foreign policy

Spanish-American War: Conflict between the U.S. and Spain, resulting in U.S. acquisition of territories like Puerto Rico.
Roosevelt Corollary: Extension of the Monroe Doctrine, asserting U.S. intervention in Latin American affairs.
Dollar Diplomacy: Taft's foreign policy focused on using economic power to influence Latin American countries.
Big Stick Diplomacy: Roosevelt's foreign policy approach that relied on a strong military presence to achieve goals.
Seward's Folly: Nickname for the U.S. purchase of Alaska.
Alfred T. Mahan: Naval strategist who advocated for a strong U.S. Navy to project power globally.
Rough Riders: Volunteer cavalry regiment led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War.
John J. Pershing: General leading U.S. troops in the pursuit of Pancho Villa and later in WWI.
Panama Canal: Canal built by the U.S. across Panama to improve trade and shipping.
"Great White Fleet": 16 U.S. battleships used to demonstrate U.S. naval power and influence globally (shown to other nations).

20th Century America

Jazz Age: Nickname for the 1920s, characterized by economic prosperity and cultural changes.
Harlem Renaissance: African American cultural flowering in the 1920s, with innovations in music, art, and literature.
Flappers: Emancipated young women of the 1920s who embraced new fashion and societal norms.
Pop Culture: Popular culture of the time that includes music, sports, entertainment, and fashion.
Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929, when the stock market drastically crashed.
Great Depression: Severe economic downturn, the worst in U.S. history.
Soup Kitchens: Places providing free food for the needy during the Depression.
New Deal: Franklin D. Roosevelt's programs to address the Great Depression, focused on relief, recovery, and reform.
Franklin D. Roosevelt: U.S. president during the Great Depression and WWII, implemented the New Deal, re-elected 4 times.
Dust Bowl: Severe drought and dust storms in the Great Plains. Caused by poor agricultural practices and exacerbated by drought.
Hitler: Leader of the Nazi party in Germany.
Mussolini: Fascist dictator of Italy.
Stalin: Totalitarian dictator of the Soviet Union.
Churchill: Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII.
Holocaust: The systematic murder of approximately 6 million Jews by Nazi Germany.
Pearl Harbor: Naval base in Hawaii attacked by Japan on December 7, 1941, leading to U.S. entry into WWII.

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Description

Explore the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, a time of significant economic transformation in America. Learn about key figures like Rockefeller and Carnegie, along with the rise of labor unions and social inequality. This quiz will challenge your understanding of major events and influential personalities from this historical period.