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What does a negative value of ΔG indicate about a reaction?

  • The reaction is at equilibrium.
  • The reaction requires heat to proceed.
  • The reaction absorbs energy.
  • The reaction is spontaneous and releases energy. (exergonic) (correct)

    • What does the variable T in the Gibbs equation represent?

  • Total energy of the system
  • Thermal capacity of the system
  • Time duration of the reaction
  • Temperature in Kelvin (correct)

    • Which of the following statements about endergonic reactions is true?

  • They release energy into the surrounding environment.
  • They are characterized by a positive value of ΔG. (correct)
  • They occur spontaneously without energy input.
  • They result in a negative value of ΔG.

    • If ΔH is greater than TΔS in the Gibbs equation, what can be inferred about ΔG?

    <p>ΔG is positive and the reaction is non-spontaneous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the Gibbs equation, what does the term ΔS represent?

    <p>Change in entropy of the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an exothermic reaction?

    <p>It releases heat to the surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the heat content of reactants and products in an endothermic reaction?

    <p>Heat content of products is greater than that of reactants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a negative enthalpy change (ΔH) in a reaction?

    <p>The reaction will release heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Gibbs free energy equation, what influence does increasing temperature (T) have on ΔG when ΔH is positive?

    <p>ΔG becomes less negative or more positive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the standard enthalpy change (ΔH) characterized for a reaction that releases heat?

    <p>It is negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increase in entropy (+ve value) indicate about a system?

    <p>The system has gained disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the absolute temperature of 25 degrees Celsius expressed in Kelvin?

    <p>298K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between products and reactants concerning entropy?

    <p>Products can be more disordered than reactants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when there is a loss of entropy in a system?

    <p>The system becomes more ordered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a substance experiences an increase in disorder, what is the expected change in its entropy value?

    <p>Entropy value increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason gases drive reactions forward compared to solids and liquids?

    <p>Gases have higher entropy than liquids or solids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best explains enthalpic contributions to chemical processes?

    <p>Enthalpic processes can occur due to heat release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does increasing disorder among reactants and products relate to chemical reactions?

    <p>Increased disorder facilitates reactions by increasing entropy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the impact of forming gaseous products in a reaction?

    <p>Forming gaseous products can drive a reaction forward due to increased entropy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does entropy play in the favorability of processes involving gas products?

    <p>Higher entropy from gas production can balance enthalpic changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do living systems create order from disorder despite the second law of thermodynamics?

    <p>Through spontaneous processes that convert disorder into structural complexity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do neurons play in maintaining order within living systems?

    <p>They direct the movement of electrolytes through action potentials to elicit specific responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process do cells primarily use to organize amino acids and nucleic acids?

    <p>Active transport that ensures specific sequence incorporation into proteins and nucleic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the organization of cells compared to the principles of diffusion?

    <p>Cells actively regulate the movement of molecules, preventing disorder from diffusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do living systems challenge traditional interpretations of the second law of thermodynamics?

    <p>By using energy to create localized order, while the total entropy of the universe still increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best summarizes the relationship between an organism's entropy and overall system entropy?

    <p>A decrease in an organism's entropy results in an increase in the overall system entropy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of an organism decreasing its entropy?

    <p>It necessitates energy input to maintain the decrease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering the second law of thermodynamics, which scenario illustrates an organism's entropy change?

    <p>An organism using energy to create complex structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following principles is violated when an organism decreases its entropy without increasing the total entropy of the system?

    <p>Second law of thermodynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Kleiber's Law indicate about the metabolic rate of an animal when its size is doubled?

    <p>The metabolic rate increases by a factor of 1.68.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kleiber's Law, what is the exponent indicating the relationship between mass and metabolic rate?

    <p>3/4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the slope of ¾ determined by Kleiber's Law?

    <p>A diminishing return on metabolic rate with increasing mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an animal's size increases but remains less than double, what can be inferred about its metabolic rate in relation to Kleiber's Law?

    <p>The metabolic rate will slightly increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the empirical determination of the slope ¾ in Kleiber's Law suggest about larger animals?

    <p>They require disproportionate energy compared to smaller animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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