General Chemistry 2: Gibbs Free Energy and Reaction Direction
12 Questions
4 Views

General Chemistry 2: Gibbs Free Energy and Reaction Direction

Created by
@IdealVolcano

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the consequence of the second law of thermodynamics in a closed system?

  • Entropy decreases over time
  • Entropy increases over time (correct)
  • Entropy remains unchanged
  • Entropy remains constant over time

    • What is the condition for a reaction to be spontaneous at all temperatures?

  • ∆H must be zero and ∆S must be zero
  • ∆H must be positive and ∆S must be negative
  • ∆H must be negative and ∆S must be positive (correct)
  • ∆H must be positive and ∆S must be positive

    • Which of the following is a violation of the second law of thermodynamics?

  • Ice formation at a constant temperature and pressure
  • Heat flowing from a cold object to a hot object
  • A room spontaneously organizing itself into a perfectly clean state (correct)
  • Rusting of iron

    • What is the relationship between the spontaneity of a process and the value of ∆G?

    <p>∆G &lt; 0 indicates a spontaneous process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ∆G = 0 in a reaction process?

    <p>The reaction is at equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of Gibbs free energy?

    <p>Joules (J)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does not affect the spontaneity of a reaction according to Gibbs free energy?

    <p>Concentration of reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scenario in which entropy remains unchanged?

    <p>Arranging books in a shelf by height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation that correctly represents the relationship between Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy?

    <p>∆G = ∆H - T∆S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a negative ∆G value?

    <p>The reaction is spontaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the equilibrium constant (K) and the spontaneity of a process?

    <p>If K &gt; 1, the process is spontaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an endothermic process on the enthalpy change (∆H)?

    <p>∆H increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Second Law of Thermodynamics

    • States that entropy of the universe increases in spontaneous processes and remains unchanged in equilibrium processes
    • Entropy represents disorder or randomness in a system
    • In energy transfer or transformation, some energy becomes lost as heat
    • Heat always flows from a hot object to a cold object
    • Irreversibility of natural processes is a principle of increasing entropy

    Entropy

    • Measure of disorder or randomness in a system
    • Increases over time in a closed system

    Predicting Spontaneity

    • Gibbs free energy (∆G) is used to predict spontaneity of a process
    • ∆G < 0 indicates a spontaneous process at constant temperature and pressure
    • ∆G = 0 indicates equilibrium
    • K > 1 indicates a spontaneous process

    Types of Processes

    • Rusting of iron is a spontaneous process
    • Melting of ice cubes at -50°C and 1 atm is non-spontaneous
    • Arranging books on a shelf by height does not show increasing entropy
    • Endothermic process absorbs heat from the surroundings
    • Ice formation is an example of a non-spontaneous process

    Gibbs Free Energy

    • ∆G = ∆H – T∆S is the equation correctly representing the relationship between Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy
    • ∆G is typically measured in Joules (J)
    • Negative ∆G indicates a spontaneous reaction
    • Factors affecting spontaneity of a reaction: temperature (T), enthalpy change (∆H), and entropy change (∆S)

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your understanding of Gibbs free energy and its relationship with enthalpy, entropy, and reaction direction. This quiz covers the significance of ΔG = 0 in a reaction process and the conditions for a spontaneous reaction.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser