General Chemistry 2: Gibbs Free Energy and Reaction Direction
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Questions and Answers

What is the consequence of the second law of thermodynamics in a closed system?

  • Entropy decreases over time
  • Entropy increases over time (correct)
  • Entropy remains unchanged
  • Entropy remains constant over time

    • What is the condition for a reaction to be spontaneous at all temperatures?

  • ∆H must be zero and ∆S must be zero
  • ∆H must be positive and ∆S must be negative
  • ∆H must be negative and ∆S must be positive (correct)
  • ∆H must be positive and ∆S must be positive

    • Which of the following is a violation of the second law of thermodynamics?

  • Ice formation at a constant temperature and pressure
  • Heat flowing from a cold object to a hot object
  • A room spontaneously organizing itself into a perfectly clean state (correct)
  • Rusting of iron

    • What is the relationship between the spontaneity of a process and the value of ∆G?

    <p>∆G &lt; 0 indicates a spontaneous process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ∆G = 0 in a reaction process?

    <p>The reaction is at equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of Gibbs free energy?

    <p>Joules (J)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does not affect the spontaneity of a reaction according to Gibbs free energy?

    <p>Concentration of reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scenario in which entropy remains unchanged?

    <p>Arranging books in a shelf by height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation that correctly represents the relationship between Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy?

    <p>∆G = ∆H - T∆S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a negative ∆G value?

    <p>The reaction is spontaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the equilibrium constant (K) and the spontaneity of a process?

    <p>If K &gt; 1, the process is spontaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an endothermic process on the enthalpy change (∆H)?

    <p>∆H increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Second Law of Thermodynamics

    • States that entropy of the universe increases in spontaneous processes and remains unchanged in equilibrium processes
    • Entropy represents disorder or randomness in a system
    • In energy transfer or transformation, some energy becomes lost as heat
    • Heat always flows from a hot object to a cold object
    • Irreversibility of natural processes is a principle of increasing entropy

    Entropy

    • Measure of disorder or randomness in a system
    • Increases over time in a closed system

    Predicting Spontaneity

    • Gibbs free energy (∆G) is used to predict spontaneity of a process
    • ∆G < 0 indicates a spontaneous process at constant temperature and pressure
    • ∆G = 0 indicates equilibrium
    • K > 1 indicates a spontaneous process

    Types of Processes

    • Rusting of iron is a spontaneous process
    • Melting of ice cubes at -50°C and 1 atm is non-spontaneous
    • Arranging books on a shelf by height does not show increasing entropy
    • Endothermic process absorbs heat from the surroundings
    • Ice formation is an example of a non-spontaneous process

    Gibbs Free Energy

    • ∆G = ∆H – T∆S is the equation correctly representing the relationship between Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy
    • ∆G is typically measured in Joules (J)
    • Negative ∆G indicates a spontaneous reaction
    • Factors affecting spontaneity of a reaction: temperature (T), enthalpy change (∆H), and entropy change (∆S)

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    Description

    Test your understanding of Gibbs free energy and its relationship with enthalpy, entropy, and reaction direction. This quiz covers the significance of ΔG = 0 in a reaction process and the conditions for a spontaneous reaction.

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