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Questions and Answers
Which types of waves can travel through both solid and liquid materials?
Which types of waves can travel through both solid and liquid materials?
Which layer of the Earth is primarily composed of nickel and iron?
Which layer of the Earth is primarily composed of nickel and iron?
Which statement about Earth's crust and core is correct?
Which statement about Earth's crust and core is correct?
What does the term lithosphere refer to?
What does the term lithosphere refer to?
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Which statement about the formation of rocks is correct?
Which statement about the formation of rocks is correct?
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What factor contributes to the color variations in quartz?
What factor contributes to the color variations in quartz?
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Which type of rock consists of layers of different thickness?
Which type of rock consists of layers of different thickness?
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Which rock type is not classified as a sedimentary rock?
Which rock type is not classified as a sedimentary rock?
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Which of the following is a salient feature of metamorphic rocks?
Which of the following is a salient feature of metamorphic rocks?
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Tillite is classified as which type of rock?
Tillite is classified as which type of rock?
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Which processes are involved in mountain building?
Which processes are involved in mountain building?
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According to Wegener's theory, what does PANTHALASSA refer to?
According to Wegener's theory, what does PANTHALASSA refer to?
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Which among the following pairs is correctly matched regarding tectonic plates?
Which among the following pairs is correctly matched regarding tectonic plates?
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What type of plate boundary is the Indian plate along the Himalayan mountains?
What type of plate boundary is the Indian plate along the Himalayan mountains?
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Which type of plate boundary is associated with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
Which type of plate boundary is associated with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
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In which stage of landform development is downward cutting predominant?
In which stage of landform development is downward cutting predominant?
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What type of tide occurs with two high tides and two low tides each day?
What type of tide occurs with two high tides and two low tides each day?
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Which phase of the moon corresponds to the minimum distance between the Earth and the moon?
Which phase of the moon corresponds to the minimum distance between the Earth and the moon?
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What term describes the type of farming focused on growing vegetables?
What term describes the type of farming focused on growing vegetables?
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During which decade did India experience a negative growth rate in population?
During which decade did India experience a negative growth rate in population?
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Who introduced the concept of human development?
Who introduced the concept of human development?
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Which option best defines the term 'Lapies'?
Which option best defines the term 'Lapies'?
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Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding landforms?
Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding landforms?
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What rises up from the floor of the caves?
What rises up from the floor of the caves?
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Which of the following is considered an erosional feature?
Which of the following is considered an erosional feature?
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What is a deep, long and wide trough or basin with very steep high walls called?
What is a deep, long and wide trough or basin with very steep high walls called?
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What is known as smooth oval shaped ridge-like features composed mainly of glacial till?
What is known as smooth oval shaped ridge-like features composed mainly of glacial till?
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Which type of lake is referred to as salt lakes?
Which type of lake is referred to as salt lakes?
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What are crescent shaped dunes called?
What are crescent shaped dunes called?
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Which types of tropical storms are correctly matched with their location?
Which types of tropical storms are correctly matched with their location?
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What conditions are necessary for the formation of tropical storms?
What conditions are necessary for the formation of tropical storms?
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Which type of cloud is typically found at high altitudes (8,000 - 12,000m)?
Which type of cloud is typically found at high altitudes (8,000 - 12,000m)?
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Which statement correctly describes the Labrador Current?
Which statement correctly describes the Labrador Current?
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Which of the following statements about dew is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about dew is incorrect?
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Which type of clouds are layered and cover large portions of the sky?
Which type of clouds are layered and cover large portions of the sky?
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Which of the following correctly pairs a front with its description?
Which of the following correctly pairs a front with its description?
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Which of the following are minor relief features of the ocean?
Which of the following are minor relief features of the ocean?
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Study Notes
Seismic waves
- S waves travel only through solid materials
- P waves travel through solid, liquid and gaseous materials
Earth's Structure
- Earth's core is made up of nickel and iron
- Oceanic crust is thinner than continental crust
- The upper portion of the mantle is called the asthenosphere
- The inner core is solid while the outer core is liquid
- The lithosphere is made up of the crust and upper mantle
Rocks
- Igneous rocks are formed when magma or lava cools and solidifies
- Metamorphic rocks are formed under the action of pressure, volume, and temperature
- Quartz can be white, green, red, or yellow due to impurities
- The Mohs Hardness Scale measures the resistance of minerals to scratching
- The order of hardness for the minerals listed is: Talc (1), Gypsum (2), Feldspar (3), and Diamond (4)
- Sedimentary rocks are formed through the process of lithification.
- Geyserite, chalk, and shale are all organically formed rocks
- Sandstone is a chemically formed rock
- Granite is primarily made up of silica and aluminum
- Marble is a metamorphic rock
- Sandstone, conglomerate, and limestone are examples of sedimentary rocks
- Syenite, slate, and schist are examples of metamorphic rocks
- Sedimentary rocks are characterized by layers of varying thicknesses
Plate Tectonics
- Orogenic processes involve mountain building
- Epeirogenic processes involve uplift or warping of large parts of the Earth's crust
- Plate tectonics involves the horizontal movement of crustal plates
- The supercontinent Pangaea was surrounded by a single ocean called Panthalassa
- The Cocos plate exists between Central America and the Pacific plate
- The Nazca plate exists between the Asiatic and Pacific plate
- The Arabian plate primarily covers the Saudi Arabian landmass
- The Himalayan mountains are formed by a continent-continent convergence boundary between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate
- The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is formed by a divergent plate boundary
Landforms
- The Polar fleeing force is related to the rotation of the Earth
- The Pacific plate is primarily oceanic
- The Eurasian plate is primarily continental
- The Arabian plate, Pacific plate, Antarctica plate, and Eurasian plate are all major plates
- Youth stage landforms are dominated by downward cutting
- Gorges are deep valleys with steep sides
- Canyons have steep, step-like side slopes
- A gorge is wider at the top than the bottom
- A canyon's width is relatively consistent
- Gullies, rills, gorges, and canyons are formed by running water
- Lapies are irregular surfaces with sharp pinnacles, grooves, and ridges
- Alluvial fans in humid areas have gentle slopes, while those in arid areas have steep slopes
- Natural levees are found along the banks of large rivers
- Meanders are landforms formed by running water
- Point bars, or meander bars, are found on the concave side of a river's meander
- Stalagmites rise up from the floor of caves
- Caves, bars, spits, and beaches are all erosional features
- Cirques are deep, long, and wide troughs or basins with steep concave walls
- Drumlins are smooth oval-shaped ridge-like features composed of glacial till
- Playas are salt lakes
- Barchans are crescent-shaped dunes
- Wind causes deflation, abrasion, and attrition
Atmosphere
- Water vapor content in the atmosphere decreases from the equator to the poles
- Dust particle concentration is higher in equatorial and polar regions than in subtropical and temperate regions
- Air density is highest near the Earth's surface and decreases with altitude
- The Coriolis force deflects winds to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere
- The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is where the trade winds from either side of the equator converge
- An occluded front occurs when an air mass is fully lifted above the land surface.
Weather
- A cold front forms when a cold air mass moves towards a warm air mass
- A warm front forms when warm air moves towards a cold air mass
- A tropical storm requires a large sea surface with temperatures greater than 27°C, the Coriolis force, and small variations in vertical wind speed
- Cirrus clouds are formed at high altitudes (8,000-12,000 m)
- Stratus clouds are layered clouds that cover large portions of the sky
Oceans
- The Labrador Current is a cold current in the North Atlantic Ocean.
- The Falkland Current is a warm current that flows along the Chilean coast of the South Pacific Ocean
- Dew forms under clear skies, calm air, high relative humidity, and cold nights
- The dew point must be above the freezing point for dew to form
- Fog and mist are both forms of condensation, but fog has a higher moisture content
- Seamounts, mid-oceanic ridges, and submarine canyons are all minor relief features in the ocean
Tides
- Spring tides occur when the Sun and Moon pull the Earth gravitationally in the same direction
- Two high tides and two low tides occur each day, known as a semi-diurnal tide
- The Moon is closest to Earth at perigee
Solar System
- The inner planets are those located between the Sun and the asteroid belt
- Eons are the longest units of geological time
Human Geography
- The concept of human development was introduced by Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq
- Truck farming is a specialized form of agriculture that focuses on vegetables
- India's population experienced negative growth rate from 1911-1921
- The Bora is a cold and dry wind that blows down from the mountains in the region of the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea
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Description
Test your knowledge on seismic waves, the structure of the Earth, and different types of rocks. This quiz covers essential concepts such as the properties of S and P waves, layers of the Earth, and rock formation processes. Perfect for geology enthusiasts and students alike!
