Geography Test: Quality of Life Aspects Measurement

Quality of Life Indicators

• Access to education: measured by percentage of people with a reasonable opportunity to go to school
• Access to healthcare: measured by percentage of people who have a reasonable means of getting good healthcare
• Access to safe drinking water: measured by percentage of people who have access to safe water
• Birth rate: measured by number of births per thousand people in one year
• Child mortality rate: measured by number of children who die under age 5 out of 1000 people per year
• Death rate: measured by number of people who die per thousand people in one year
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product): value of all goods and services a country produces in 1 year
• Income: a person's salary
• Infant mortality rate: measured by number of babies who die before age 1 per 1000 people per year
• Life expectancy: average number of years expected to live
• Literacy rate: measured by percentage of population who can read and write basic sentences and do basic calculations
• Poverty rate: measured by percentage of a population living in poverty

Inequality and Human Development Index (HDI)

• Inequality: lack of equality between people or groups of people, affected by social and economic factors
• Human Development Index (HDI): measures a country's development based on literacy rate, life expectancy, and income
• Gross National Income (GNI): total income of a country divided by the number of people

Wealth and Geographic Factors

• Wealth: total value of a country's resources, including material goods, natural resources, and human resources
• Natural resources: materials or substances that exist in nature and that humans can use, such as minerals, forests, and water
• Location: physical features of a place or its situation relative to other places
• Human resources: people with skills, knowledge, and experience needed in business and industry
• Reasons for differences in wealth between countries: economy, natural resources, location, and human resources

Economy and Economic Sectors

• Economy: system by which goods and services are produced, sold, and bought in a country or region
• Traditional economy: small community, majority of people are farmers who meet their needs through their own efforts
• Command economy: government controls all resources, goods, and services
• Market economy: producers and consumers make all the economic decisions
• Mixed economy: people and businesses are free to make their own decisions, but government regulates and encourages business
• Primary industry: extracts natural resources, e.g., oil company drilling and pumping oil
• Secondary industry: transforms natural resources into products, e.g., company making styrofoam out of oil
• Tertiary industry: provides services, e.g., restaurant selling food and drinks in styrofoam containers