Development Geography Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about MEDCs is true?

  • They primarily export raw materials.
  • They tend to have high levels of poverty.
  • They manufacture and export goods. (correct)
  • They have weak education systems.

LEDCs have stable governments.

False (B)

What is one impact of scale and spatial aspects of development?

Development can vary from impacting an individual to affecting an entire continent.

MEDCs often donate financial aid to ______.

<p>LEDCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects of development with their descriptions:

<p>Micro-scale = Individual actions such as a farmer receiving irrigation water Macro-scale = Effects that impact entire countries Community development = Initiatives like a poultry farm started by a community Continental = Removal of malaria from the African continent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of LEDCs?

<p>High poverty levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There will always be some rich people in LEDCs.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do LEDCs primarily import?

<p>Manufactured goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does sustainable development aim to balance?

<p>Economic growth and environmental protection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rostow's Modernisation Theory outlines three stages of economic development.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to wealth and services as one moves away from the core areas?

<p>They decrease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sustainable development should meet current needs without compromising the ability of __________ generations to meet their needs.

<p>future</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

<p>Micro-scale = Levels of wealth and services decline with distance from core areas Sustainable Development = Development that meets current needs without compromising future generations Rostow's Modernisation Theory = An economic model outlining five stages of development Economic Activities = Engagement in various functions within multifunctional areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary effect of large-scale construction on the environment?

<p>Habitat destruction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the sustainable development model?

<p>Multiple cores exist in some countries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sustainable development can sacrifice the environment for economic gain.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A highly educated workforce has no impact on innovation and scientific experimentation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one key component necessary for resolving economic, social, and environmental problems in sustainable development.

<p>Scientific knowledge or appropriate technologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What economic effect does shifting from agriculture to industry and services typically have on a labor force?

<p>Increased development and economic growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Over-population can lead to strain on resources and __________ development in an area.

<p>decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the core and periphery model?

<p>Core areas exhibit high levels of economic activity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The presence of trade partnerships has no effect on the availability of goods in a region.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one factor that can dramatically affect the level of development in a region historically.

<p>Colonisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

MEDC

More Economically Developed Country. Countries with high levels of industrialization, efficiently used resources, and high standards of living.

LEDC

Less Economically Developed Country. Countries with low standards of living, weak economies, and dependence on imports.

Development (scale)

Development's impact varies in size, from individual to entire continents.

Micro-scale development

Development affecting individuals or small communities.

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Macro-scale development

Development affecting large areas, like countries or continents.

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Poverty in LEDCs

High levels of poverty are a common characteristic of LEDCs.

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Financial Aid

Money given by developed countries to help LEDCs improve their economies.

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Development Status

Averages that describe the economic and social conditions of a country.

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Sustainable Development

Development that meets current needs without hurting future generations' ability to meet their needs.

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Sustainable Development Model

A model for development combining economic and social growth with environmental responsibility.

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Rostow's Modernisation Theory

A model describing 5 stages of economic development.

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Limitations of Core-Periphery Model

Multiple cores and multifunctional places make it harder to define clear boundaries between areas of strongest and weakest development.

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Core-Periphery Model

A model where wealth, development, and services are concentrated in central areas (core) and decrease outward.

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Sustainable Development Model Components

The interplay of economic, social, and environmental factors in achieving sustainable growth.

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Urbanization

The process of increasing population density in cities and towns, often causing land use changes, infrastructure development and effects on ecosystems.

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Habitat destruction

The loss of natural habitats due to human activities, leading to a decline in biodiversity and ecosystem function.

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Quality education

Education that provides students with the skills and knowledge they need to succeed in life, contributing to personal, social, and economic development.

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Trade Imbalances

When a country exports more than it imports, potentially benefiting from its trade partners.

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Value-added products

Finished goods that have undergone processing or manufacturing, increasing their value and generating higher profits for the exporting country.

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What are some factors that influence economic development?

Factors influencing economic development include education, technology, infrastructure, trade, political stability, and natural resources.

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Study Notes

Development

  • Development is a state of growth
  • Development geography is the use of technology and resources to improve quality of life and standard of living
  • This is achieved through economic, social, and environmental development
  • There are two aspects of development:
    • Standard of living (economic)
    • Quality of life (social)

Economic Development

  • Refers to a country's wealth development
  • Improves a person's material well-being
  • Economic indicators measure wealth
  • Also known as MEDCs (More Economically Developed Countries)
  • Countries with high levels of economic development

Social Development

  • Focuses on living conditions
  • Improves a person's general well-being
  • Social indicators measure quality of life
  • Also known as LEDCs (Less Economically Developed Countries)
  • Countries with low levels of economic development

Newly Industrialised Countries (NICs)

  • Countries whose level of economic development ranks between developing and developed countries
  • These countries have transitioned from agricultural economies to more industrialized, urban economies.

Development Indicators

  • Indicators used to compare development levels of different countries
  • Can be grouped into 3 categories:
    • Economic indicators (measuring wealth)
    • Social indicators (measuring quality of life)
    • Demographic indicators (statistics about the population)

Economic Indicators

  • GDP (Gross Domestic Product): total value of goods and services produced
  • GNP (Gross National Product): GDP plus income from abroad
  • GDP per capita: country's GDP divided by its population

Social Indicators

  • Services & facilities
  • Educational level (adult literacy rate; children in school)
  • Healthcare (access to healthcare, doctors)
  • Calorie intake per capita
  • Infant mortality rate
  • Access to clean water
  • Human Development Index (HDI): measures social and economic development

Demographic Indicators

  • Fertility rate: the average number of children born to a woman
  • Birth rate: number of births per 1000 people per year
  • Death rate: number of deaths per 1000 people per year
  • Infant mortality rate: number of deaths of infants under 1 year per 1000 live births
  • Life expectancy: average years a person is expected to live

Factors Affecting Development

  • Access to resources (environmental): Natural and man-made resources are not evenly distributed. -Energy consumption: affects development levels based on available energy sources -Natural resources limitation: availability of resources can also affect development.

  • Cultural (social): Education & training levels in a country affect development -Labor force shift: from agriculture to industry and service, -Standard Living: Level of wealth, comfort and necessities for a certain socioeconomic class. -Population growth: Overpopulation can negatively impact a country's resources and slow growth

  • Political (economic): trade imbalances affect the GDP and development of a country

  • Historical and political factors: Colonization and migration can cause development disparities.

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Description

This quiz explores the concepts of development geography, including the economic and social aspects of development. It covers how technology and resources impact living standards and quality of life across different types of countries. Test your understanding of MEDCs, LEDCs, and NICs.

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