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November Paper 2 Exam Medium
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November Paper 2 Exam Medium

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Questions and Answers

What does economic development in geography involve?

  • Developing technological advancements for the country
  • Enhancing the capacity of a country to produce goods and services (correct)
  • Focusing on improving the well-being of individuals and communities
  • Preserving and promoting cultural values and traditions

    • Which indicator reflects economic development in a country?

  • Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (correct)
  • Technological advancements
  • Preserving cultural values
  • Focusing on social well-being

    • What does social development in geography mainly focus on?

  • Developing environmental sustainability
  • Preserving heritage and cultural practices
  • Improving the well-being of individuals and communities (correct)
  • Enhancing the country's wealth through goods production

    • How is cultural development integrated into the development process?

    <p>By preserving and promoting cultural values and practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension must be considered to understand the concept of development comprehensively?

    <p>Economic, social, technological, and environmental dimensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does environmental development entail in geography?

    <p>Ensuring sustainable use of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the presence of vegetation and soil organisms important for soil fertility?

    <p>They enrich the soil with organic matter, enhancing fertility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does soil relief influence its characteristics?

    <p>By influencing sunlight exposure and water runoff.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does soil texture primarily classify?

    <p>Soil particle size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is soil erosion considered a significant challenge?

    <p>It impacts soil quality and agricultural productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proactive measure can help address soil erosion according to the text?

    <p>Implementing contour ploughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding soil's physical properties crucial for its management?

    <p>To improve plant growth and nutrient availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor mentioned in the text is highlighted as crucial for resilient community development?

    <p>Market access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can strain resources and make it harder for countries to develop?

    <p>Population growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic model faces criticism for its lack of applicability to all countries?

    <p>Rostow Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant hindrance to a country's development path according to the text?

    <p>War and corruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept emphasizes sustainable development and incorporates economic, social, and environmental considerations?

    <p>Sustainability Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which resource distribution scenario leads to countries engaging in trade?

    <p>'Uneven distribution' of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major component of economic activity for countries, influencing their economic prosperity and development?

    <p>'International trade'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a trade surplus indicate for a country?

    <p>It earns more from exports than it spends on imports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of commodity dependence for developing countries?

    <p>Dependence on exporting primary products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trade practice emphasizes ensuring that producers in developing countries receive a fair deal?

    <p>Fair trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does globalization refer to?

    <p>Advancements in communication and trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding gender issues important in development processes?

    <p>To leverage the full potential of women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 2010 Cancun agreements recognize regarding climate change action?

    <p>The importance of gender equality in climate change action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical barrier to women's employment and advancement, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Lack of access to resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Universal Declaration of Human Rights establish regarding gender?

    <p>&quot;Equal rights irrespective of gender&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "South-South Trade" primarily involves trading between which countries?

    <p>&quot;Developing countries only&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do governments impose to protect domestic industries?

    <p>Quotas to limit imports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of resource depletion as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Population growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon of the soil profile is composed of minerals leached from the A horizon?

    <p>B Horizon (Subsoil)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental issue can result from deforestation as highlighted in the text?

    <p>Increased atmospheric CO2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dimension does sustainability aim to encompass according to the text?

    <p>Social, environmental, and economic sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences soil formation by affecting the rate of weathering and organic matter content?

    <p>Climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the C horizon in soil functionality?

    <p>Comprises weathered parent material, contributing minerals to the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice is considered sustainable in the context of resource management as opposed to large-scale tourism?

    <p>Ecotourism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to climate change by trapping heat in the atmosphere according to the text?

    <p>Greenhouse gases released by burning fossil fuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aid involves assistance from large international organizations like the United Nations and the World Bank?

    <p>Multilateral Aid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aid typically focuses on small-scale, self-help projects funded through public donations?

    <p>NGO Assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable outcome of aid according to the text?

    <p>Being less effective in countries like Cuba and Haiti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographical skill is crucial for planning and evaluating development projects according to the text?

    <p>Mapwork Skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Unit 1 focus on regarding sustainable resource utilization?

    <p>Reducing resource consumption to mitigate climate change and dependence on non-renewable energy sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of resources offers a sustainable option due to their ability to regenerate or be used continuously without depletion?

    <p>Solar energy and wind (renewable resources)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential issue associated with ineffective aid according to the text?

    <p>'Failing to reach the intended beneficiaries, particularly the poorest segments'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Creates a debt burden if provided as loans" is an issue related to ineffective aid. Which statement BEST describes this issue?

    <p>'Providing aid as loans can lead to a burden on recipient countries.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Improves health and living standards through clean water and sanitation projects" is an example of:

    <p>'Effective Aid'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Essential for gathering local data and engaging with communities directly affected by development projects" is a description of:

    <p>'Use of Atlases and Fieldwork'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of development aid?

    <p>Addressing long-term development challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is development aid provided to developing countries?

    <p>To stimulate long-term development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common challenges associated with development aid?

    <p>Perpetuating dependency on external assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector is crucial for providing the necessary infrastructure for development according to the text?

    <p>State-owned enterprises like Eskom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does industrial pollution impact sustainable development?

    <p>Poses challenges to sustainable development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gendered nature of the HIV/Aids epidemic highlighted in the text?

    <p>Higher infection rates among women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are women considered central to the rural economy in sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Mainly responsible for food production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of social development?

    <p>Improving quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector is associated with the extraction of natural resources like agriculture and mining?

    <p>Primary Economic Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Quaternary Economic Activities involve?

    <p>Research and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the goal of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?

    <p>Enhancing quality of life worldwide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept emphasizes meeting present needs without compromising future generations?

    <p>Sustainable development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the distribution of the workforce across economic sectors provide insight into?

    <p>A country's level of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector focuses on service industries that support manufacturing and other services?

    <p>Tertiary Economic Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of quality of life encompass beyond material wealth?

    <p>Overall well-being including health, education, freedom, and the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does economic development in geography involve?

    <p>Increasing a country's capacity to produce goods and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which indicator reflects economic development in a country?

    <p>Gross domestic product (GDP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of cultural development in the context of geography?

    <p>Preserving and promoting cultural values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the realm of development geography, what does social development primarily aim to improve?

    <p>Well-being of individuals and communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is crucial for understanding the concept of development in geography?

    <p>Environmental sustainability initiatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential component of economic development linked to the efficient use of resources?

    <p>Utilizing natural and human resources effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of soil is crucial for determining soil acidity or alkalinity?

    <p>Texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences the sunlight exposure, evaporation, and water runoff affecting soil characteristics?

    <p>Relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of vegetation and soil organisms contribute to soil fertility?

    <p>Enhances organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of soil describes how particles are aggregated, affecting water infiltration and root penetration?

    <p>Structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly accelerates soil erosion by removing topsoil and impacting agricultural productivity?

    <p>Poor farming practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a proactive measure to address soil erosion that involves maintaining vegetation cover to reduce the risk of erosion?

    <p>Agricultural practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor that can hinder a country's development path by creating instability and inefficiency?

    <p>Unstable governments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model highlights the uneven nature of economic growth and development, where economic activity diminishes from core to peripheral regions?

    <p>Core and Periphery Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an outcome of the unfair nature of international trade as highlighted in the text?

    <p>Exacerbation of economic disparities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of rural and urban community-based development initiatives since 1994?

    <p>Capacity building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor dictating the mineral composition of soil?

    <p>Parent Material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant role of international trade as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Influencing economic prosperity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon of the soil profile is characterized by containing minerals leached from the A horizon and being less fertile?

    <p>B Horizon (Subsoil)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept emphasizes sustainable development by ensuring long-term viability through economic, social, and environmental considerations?

    <p>Sustainability Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can take thousands of years to develop soil maturity and depth suitable for agriculture?

    <p>Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can rapid population increase strain resources and make it harder for countries to develop?

    <p>It demands more resources per capita</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental problem is potentially exacerbated by deforestation according to the text?

    <p>Climate Change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge faced by developing countries during the transition from fossil fuels to more efficient energy sources?

    <p>High dependence on imported goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of soil acts as a transition from decaying plant matter to humus?

    <p>O Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary criticism faced by the Rostow Model regarding its applicability to all countries?

    <p>Unsuitability for countries without rapid industrialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is essential for long-term economic development and community empowerment according to recent policies and economic practices?

    <p>Capacity building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary dimension of sustainability that aims to protect ecological systems while ensuring economic growth and social well-being?

    <p>Environmental Sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity can lead to over-consumption of resources according to the text?

    <p>Mining Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainable resource management aim to achieve in terms of future generations' needs and resources?

    <p>Preserve resources for future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern if resources are consumed faster than they can be replenished?

    <p>Resource Depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ecotourism, recycling, and organic farming examples of, in contrast to non-sustainable practices like large-scale tourism?

    <p>Sustainable Practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a trade deficit indicate for a country's economy?

    <p>The country spends more on imports than it earns from exports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which international trade practice emphasizes ensuring fair treatment for producers in developing countries?

    <p>Fair Trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of commodity dependence for many of the world's poorest nations?

    <p>Vulnerability to price fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of fair trade as opposed to free trade?

    <p>Ensuring fair treatment for producers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does globalization impact economic power according to the text?

    <p>It concentrates economic power in transnational corporations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does education relate to women's employment and advancement?

    <p>It serves as a critical barrier to women's advancement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agreement recognized the importance of gender equality and women's participation in climate change action?

    <p>2010 Cancun Agreements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'South-South Trade' primarily involves the exchange of goods and services between which entities?

    <p>'Developing and developed countries'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Terms of Trade' comparisons often disadvantage less economically developed countries (LEDCs) due to their heavy reliance on:

    <p>'Raw materials trading'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Balance of Trade' indicates a surplus for a country when:

    <p>'Exports exceed imports in value'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of bilateral aid?

    <p>Involves direct assistance from a donor country to a recipient country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might NGO assistance differ from multilateral aid?

    <p>Primarily funded through public donations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of ineffective aid programs?

    <p>Creates a debt burden if provided as loans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding and implementing development aid challenging?

    <p>It necessitates a nuanced approach to planning and implementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which resource type is emphasized for sustainable development due to its regenerative nature?

    <p>Solar energy and wind power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do geographical skills play in development projects?

    <p>Essential for planning and evaluating projects effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can aid conditions sometimes negatively impact recipient countries?

    <p>Limit local autonomy and prioritize donor interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes renewable resources more sustainable compared to non-renewable ones?

    <p>'They can be regenerated or used continuously without depletion'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of development aid?

    <p>Fostering economic, environmental, social, and political development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why has sustained growth often eluded recipient countries of development aid?

    <p>Because aid perpetuates dependency on external help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects a principle of development aid?

    <p>Supports long-term development through infrastructure projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does industrial pollution impact human health according to the text?

    <p>Negatively affects human health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of State-owned enterprises like Eskom in driving economic development in South Africa?

    <p>Providing necessary infrastructure for development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does women's empowerment relate to the urgent need for interventions regarding the HIV/Aids epidemic?

    <p>It reduces the spread of HIV/Aids among women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does equitable economic development strategies aim to address?

    <p>Reducing unequal rewards and improving quality of life for women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are businesses considered vital for funding development projects according to the text?

    <p>To leverage government-created opportunities and boost economic growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of the state in driving economic growth?

    <p>Fostering economic growth through sustainable strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the expansion of the world's population and economic development impact environmental sustainability according to the text?

    <p>Poses significant environmental challenges like pollution and resource overexploitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainable development aim to achieve?

    <p>Balancing present needs with the ability of future generations to meet their needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector does quaternary economic activities involve?

    <p>Research and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes tertiary economic activities from primary and secondary activities?

    <p>They offer support services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of social development?

    <p>Ensuring equitable opportunities for all individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of economic activities include extraction of natural resources?

    <p>Primary Economic Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes secondary economic activities from other sectors?

    <p>Processing raw materials into finished products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of quality of life beyond material wealth?

    <p>Health and education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the distribution of the workforce across different sectors provide insight into?

    <p>Country's level of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does economic development in geography primarily involve?

    <p>Capacity building for producing goods and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which indicator is closely related to economic development according to the text?

    <p>Gross domestic product (GDP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of social development as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Improving individuals' and communities' well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension is essential to understanding the concept of development comprehensively?

    <p>Economic, social, technological, and environmental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cultural development ensure according to the text?

    <p>Integration with the population's identity and heritage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of development encompasses improvements in a country's existence according to the text?

    <p>Economic and social dimensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding soil's physical properties crucial for its management and utilization?

    <p>To assess nutrient availability and plant growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does soil structure have on water infiltration and root penetration?

    <p>It enhances water infiltration and root penetration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does soil erosion impact agricultural productivity?

    <p>It reduces soil fertility and agricultural productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of poor farming practices that exacerbate soil erosion?

    <p>Overgrazing and improper ploughing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proactive measure is suggested in the text to address soil erosion?

    <p>Increasing livestock limits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the slow formation rate of soil considered to render it a non-renewable resource?

    <p>As it takes a long time for new soil to form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes bilateral aid from multilateral aid?

    <p>Source of funding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does NGO assistance primarily differ from conditional aid?

    <p>Funding sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of ineffective aid is particularly highlighted in the text as a drawback?

    <p>Priority on donor interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text suggest aid can positively impact economic development?

    <p>Stimulating job creation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What knowledge and skills are essential for effective development aid planning?

    <p><strong>Resource management</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of resources are highlighted as sustainable options due to their regenerative nature?

    <p><strong>Solar energy and wind</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of renewable resources compared to non-renewable resources?

    <p><strong>Regenerative ability</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the distinction between renewable and non-renewable resources vital for economic development?

    <p><strong>Sustainability and longevity</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern related to excessive resource consumption highlighted in the text?

    <p><strong>Resource depletion</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are geographical skills essential for implementing development aid effectively?

    <p>To engage with local communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of social development?

    <p>Creating a more equitable society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of development aid?

    <p>To stimulate long-term development in Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard of living primarily measured by?

    <p>Material wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the role of women in development described in the text?

    <p>Multifaceted, addressing gender equality, environmental management, and economic participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector focuses on high-level decision-making processes within a society?

    <p>Quaternary Economic Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainable environmental management practices aim to address?

    <p>Overexploitation of resources and habitat loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?

    <p>Addressing various aspects of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do critics argue against development aid in some cases?

    <p>It inadvertently perpetuates dependency on external assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of state-owned enterprises like Eskom in South Africa?

    <p>Creating a conducive environment for economic growth through legislation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic sector involves service industries that do not produce tangible goods?

    <p>Tertiary Economic Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainable development emphasize?

    <p>Ensuring long-term sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are women considered central to the rural economy in sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>As they are mainly responsible for food production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does industrial pollution significantly contribute to according to the text?

    <p>Environmental degradation affecting human health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do quinary economic activities involve?

    <p>High-level decision-making processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the adverse effects of pollution mentioned in the text?

    <p>Negative impacts on human health, ecosystems, and economic development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of countries often exhibit a higher concentration in tertiary, quaternary, and quinary activities?

    <p>More Economically Developed Countries (MEDCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between standard of living and quality of life?

    <p>Standard of living focuses on material wealth, while quality of life includes health and education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of social development mentioned in the text?

    <p>Ensuring women's inclusion and addressing gender disparities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic activity involves the extraction of natural resources like agriculture and mining?

    <p>Primary Economic Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the balance of trade indicate for a country?

    <p>A surplus when exports exceed imports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do many of the world's poorest nations face disadvantages due to commodity dependence?

    <p>Increased vulnerability to price fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of free trade as opposed to fair trade?

    <p>Unrestricted exchange of goods and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does globalization impact the world's economies according to the text?

    <p>Leads to economic power concentration in transnational corporations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of women's involvement in development, as highlighted in the text?

    <p>Contributing to poverty reduction and food production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is women's representation in political decision-making considered low in many countries?

    <p>Gender discrimination and exclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do women play in managing natural resources in developing countries?

    <p>Contributing significantly to resource management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is education considered a critical barrier for women's employment and advancement?

    <p>Significant gender gap in literacy affecting opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Terms of Trade' comparisons often disadvantage less economically developed countries (LEDCs) primarily because they:

    <p>Export raw materials and primary products with lower value-added</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes fair trade from free trade?

    <p>Focuses on ensuring fair compensation and working conditions for producers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do countries engage in international trade according to the text?

    <p>To import goods they lack and export surplus efficiently produced goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant role does international trade play in a country's economic activity?

    <p>It influences economic prosperity and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does rapid population increase impact a country's development according to the text?

    <p>It strains resources and makes development harder due to higher demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the transition from fossil fuels to more efficient energy sources challenging for developing countries?

    <p>Because it requires significant investment and technological advancements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Sustainability Model of development?

    <p>Achieving sustainable development without compromising future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do unstable governments hinder a country's development path according to the text?

    <p>By creating instability and inefficiency through war and incompetence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary criticism faced by the Rostow Model of economic growth?

    <p>'Take-off' stage lacks applicability to rapidly industrializing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the Core and Periphery Model highlight the uneven nature of economic growth?

    <p>'Core and Periphery' model fails to address economic disparities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern regarding resource exploitation when resources are consumed faster than they can be replenished?

    <p>Resource depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly influences the mineral composition of soil according to the text?

    <p>Parent Material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the A horizon in a soil profile?

    <p>Rich in organic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the C horizon in a soil profile from other horizons?

    <p>Comprises weathered parent material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key issue arising from the burning of fossil fuels?

    <p>Atmospheric CO2 levels rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of sustainable practices mentioned in the text?

    <p>Recycling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a crucial role in determining the rate of soil formation?

    <p>Climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the O Horizon in a soil profile primarily consist of?

    <p>Decaying plant matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does soil erosion impact agricultural productivity?

    <p>It reduces soil fertility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do wind and water erosion primarily remove from the soil?

    <p>Topsoil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding the pH index of soil important for plant growth?

    <p>It impacts nutrient availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agricultural practice is recommended to reduce the risk of soil erosion?

    <p>Implementing contour ploughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of regulatory measures in addressing soil erosion?

    <p>Implementing livestock limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poor farming practice exacerbate soil erosion?

    <p>It promotes overgrazing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cultural development in the concept of development?

    <p>Integrating cultural values into the development process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which indicator is most closely associated with social development?

    <p>Human Development Index (HDI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of development geography, what does economic development primarily aim to enhance?

    <p>Capacity to produce goods and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly influences a country's unique development process?

    <p>Technological advancements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the quality of life for a country's population most impacted by social development efforts?

    <p>By improving the well-being of individuals and communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of a country's existence does development aim to improve through economic growth?

    <p>Quality of life holistically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a country's trade balance?

    <p>The difference between a country's exports and imports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of fair trade?

    <p>Ensuring that producers in developing countries receive a fair deal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do many of the world's poorest nations face disadvantages due to commodity dependence?

    <p>Resulting from the vulnerability to price fluctuations and low value-added from exporting primary products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary barrier that women face in terms of employment and advancement?

    <p>Gender gap in literacy rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of globalization on the world's economies?

    <p>Increasing interdependence and interconnectedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding gender issues crucial in leveraging women's potential in development?

    <p>To overcome barriers to women's full participation and contribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which international trade practice protects domestic industries through various restrictions?

    <p>Trade barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the 2010 Cancun agreements recognize regarding climate change?

    <p>The importance of gender equality and women’s participation in climate change action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of resource depletion mentioned in the text?

    <p>Population growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon of soil is described as the most fertile layer rich in organic material?

    <p>A Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor significantly influences the mineral composition of soil?

    <p>Parent material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental problem is directly linked to deforestation according to the text?

    <p>Global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainability aim to achieve through a balanced approach to resource use?

    <p>Continued well-being for future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to determining the rate of soil formation?

    <p>Parent rock type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable environmental impact of burning fossil fuels?

    <p>Contribution to climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon of soil contains minerals leached from the A horizon and is less fertile?

    <p>B Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is over-consumption considered a primary cause of resource depletion?

    <p>It leads to resources being consumed faster than replenished.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical dimensions does sustainability encompass?

    <p>Social, economic, and environmental dimensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of development involves the adoption and innovation of technology?

    <p>Technological Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic activity sector involves high-level decision-making processes within a society or economy?

    <p>Quaternary Economic Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of sustainable development?

    <p>Meeting present needs without compromising future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure of standard of living includes material wealth like ownership of homes, cars, and consumer goods?

    <p>Standard of Living Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of tertiary economic activities?

    <p>Service industries supporting other sectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which global initiative aimed to reduce poverty, improve health, and enhance quality of life worldwide by 2015?

    <p>Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainable development aim to achieve with the use of appropriate technologies?

    <p>Long-term sustainability and environmental friendliness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the distribution of workforce across economic sectors provide insight into?

    <p>Country's level of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is beyond material wealth and encompasses overall well-being including health and education?

    <p>Quality of Life Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the efficient use of resources, improved communication, and better services contributing to a country's growth?

    <p>Technological Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do countries engage in international trade according to the text?

    <p>To export what they lack and import what they have surplus of</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key criticism faced by the Rostow Model regarding its applicability?

    <p>It overlooks countries that have not experienced rapid industrialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a significant role in hindering a country's development path according to the text?

    <p>War, corruption, and incompetence in governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is education considered essential for long-term economic development and community empowerment?

    <p>It is crucial for capacity building and empowerment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core focus of the Sustainability Model discussed in the text?

    <p>Meeting current needs without compromising future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does population growth impact a country's development path?

    <p>It leads to higher demand on limited resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aid involves assistance from large international organizations like the United Nations and focuses on broader, global initiatives?

    <p>Multilateral Aid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor perpetuates the cycle of underdevelopment according to the text?

    <p>Environmental damage impacting productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant outcome of the unfair nature of international trade highlighted in the text?

    <p>Exacerbation of economic disparities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aid comes with specific performance requirements that the recipient must meet?

    <p>Conditional Aid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are trade imbalances considered detrimental for developing countries?

    <p>They exacerbate economic inequalities and disparities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome associated with ineffective aid according to the text?

    <p>Corruption diversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographical skill is essential for gathering local data and engaging with communities directly affected by development projects?

    <p>Use of Atlases and Fieldwork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do developed countries face challenges transitioning from fossil fuels to more efficient energy sources?

    <p>It involves significant financial investment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes renewable resources from non-renewable resources based on the text?

    <p>Renewable resources offer a sustainable option.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can conditions tied to aid affect local autonomy and markets based on the text?

    <p>Limit local autonomy and prioritize donor interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of development aid as described in the text?

    <p>To address long-term development challenges in developing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common criticism of development aid mentioned in the text?

    <p>It inadvertently perpetuates dependency on external assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do critics argue that development aid has not led to sustained growth in recipient countries?

    <p>It inadvertently fosters dependency on external assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary emphasis of development aid according to the text?

    <p>Addressing long-term development challenges in developing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is development aid different from humanitarian aid as stated in the text?

    <p>Development aid addresses long-term challenges, while humanitarian aid focuses on immediate crises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental principle underlying the provision of development aid according to the text?

    <p>Aiming to bolster long-term development initiatives in Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the challenge associated with the implementation of development aid efforts according to the text?

    <p>Dependence on external support inhibits recipient nations' internal solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes development aid from humanitarian aid based on the text?

    <p>The focus on long-term development challenges rather than immediate crises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does development aid aim to contribute to Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs) as described in the text?

    <p>By providing monetary assistance and supporting infrastructure projects for long-term development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is financial resource scarcity considered a hindrance for Third World nations according to the text?

    <p>It limits the growth potential of these nations due to insufficient funds for development initiatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial step in generating electricity from coal?

    <p>Pulverizing coal into a fine powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT mentioned as a waste problem caused by coal combustion?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major advantage of coal-based electricity generation mentioned in the text?

    <p>Low cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a coal-fired power station directly propels the blades of a turbine?

    <p>Steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant disadvantage associated with coal combustion according to the text?

    <p>Emission of greenhouse gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of coal-fired power stations contributes to dependable electricity generation?

    <p>Reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental issue is associated with underground coal mining?

    <p>Health risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source in South Africa is being expanded to meet energy demands according to the text?

    <p>Nuclear power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is used to convert solar power into electricity?

    <p>Photovoltaics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy initiatives in Africa mark a significant step towards diversifying South Africa's energy sources?

    <p>Sere wind power and Upington solar power projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental issue is exacerbated by the clustering of power stations in Mpumalanga?

    <p>Acid rain concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of South Africa's 20-Year Energy Plan as outlined in the text?

    <p>Expand renewable energy options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of energy source releases high amounts of energy derived from the nucleus of an atom?

    <p>Nuclear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is solar power currently underutilized despite its vast potential?

    <p>Lack of suitable technology for conversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge associated with building coal-fired power stations in South Africa?

    <p>Geographical limitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental impact is a direct result of the interaction of water with sulfur-bearing rocks in coal mining?

    <p>Acid mine drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the persistence of coal as the main source of electricity generation in South Africa?

    <p>Construction of new coal-powered stations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge faced by wind power despite being a clean energy source?

    <p>Noise and visual impact opposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovation emulates the photosynthesis process to transform sunlight into a chemical fuel for later use?

    <p>Artificial Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable advantage of solar power over traditional energy sources?

    <p>No air pollution during operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for South Africa's economic stability and the well-being of its population, particularly the poor?

    <p>Balancing electricity supply with economic growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy source produces no air or water pollution during its operation?

    <p>Solar power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a green economy as defined by the United Nations?

    <p>'Low carbon emissions and efficient resource use'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainable living primarily involve?

    <p>Adopting practices to minimize natural resource use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for South Africa's sustainable development and reduction of poverty in terms of energy management?

    <p>Shifting towards cleaner electricity sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key challenges faced by solar power in terms of its environmental impact?

    <p>Concerns related to its production, installation, and disposal processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of governments in addressing climate change, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Promoting environmental education and sustainable practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of businesses in contributing to environmental sustainability?

    <p>Adopting greener practices to reduce emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are individuals encouraged to contribute to environmental health according to the text?

    <p>By taking actions within their communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of the carbon footprint as provided in the text?

    <p>A measure of total greenhouse gas emissions from all activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor distinguishes true bearing from magnetic bearing according to the text?

    <p>Angle measured relative to true north or magnetic north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do geographic coordinates help in defining, based on the text?

    <p>Location on Earth through lines of latitude and longitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are lines of latitude different from lines of longitude?

    <p>'Latitude' measures north-south position while 'Longitude' measures east-west position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is reducing carbon footprint essential, as highlighted in the text?

    <p>'For mitigating climate change and promoting environmental sustainability'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'True Bearings' are measured clockwise from which direction, according to the text?

    <p>'North'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Magnetic Declination' represents the angle between which directions, as per the information provided?

    <p>'True north and magnetic north'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the vertical exaggeration calculated when drawing cross-sections?

    <p>By dividing the scale of the vertical axis by the scale of the horizontal axis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do closely spaced contour lines on a topographic map indicate?

    <p>Steep slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a cross-section in geography?

    <p>To visualize elevation changes in 3D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does calculating gradient involve in geographical terms?

    <p>Dividing horizontal change by vertical distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does intervisibility relate to the terrain on a map?

    <p>Assessing sight lines over terrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it indicate when contour lines are far apart on a topographic map?

    <p>Gentle slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are contour lines important on topographic maps?

    <p>To represent changes in elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does vertical exaggeration play in drawing cross-sections?

    <p>To make smaller features more visible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does calculating gradient help in geographical and engineering applications?

    <p>In understanding slope steepness for various purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information do contour lines connect on a topographic map?

    <p>Points of equal elevation above sea level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key benefit do vertical aerial photographs provide for mapping purposes?

    <p>They offer a true top-down view with a consistent scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do built structures like buildings and roads typically appear on aerial photographs in terms of shape and pattern?

    <p>With regular, geometric shapes and clear boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of orthophoto maps makes them particularly reliable for precise measurements and detailed planning?

    <p>Scale-accurate image corrected for various distortions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of GIS data represents features like roads or rivers that have length but negligible width?

    <p>Line Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does GIS stand for in the context of geographical information systems?

    <p>Geographical Information System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In GIS, which data structure is especially effective for continuous data like elevation or land use?

    <p>Raster Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of GIS related to recalling and processing data?

    <p>Querying and manipulating data to extract relevant information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is spatial referencing of geographic data important in GIS?

    <p>To associate each piece of data with a specific location on Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an atlas provides quantitative views on various issues like population trends and health statistics?

    <p>Graphs, Charts, and Tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of feature would be most challenging to identify on an aerial photograph based on tone variation?

    <p>Bare field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an atlas index in quickly finding specific locations or features?

    <p>Guiding users with alphabetical listings and page references</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do cast shadows on aerial photographs contribute to identifying objects?

    <p>By indicating time of day and sun position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure uses points, lines, and polygons to represent discrete features of the geographic world?

    <p>Vector Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A characteristic of raster data in GIS is that it consists of a grid of cells where each cell holds a value representing what type of information?

    <p>Elevation or land use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of GIS in transforming and integrating data?

    <p>Converting data into a uniform format and integrating with other data types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes oblique aerial photographs from vertical ones?

    <p>They are divided into low-oblique and high-oblique with different perspectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of data in GIS represents specific locations on the earth's surface, such as springs or monuments?

    <p>Point Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of an atlas provides comprehensive spatial information across various scales beyond geographical maps?

    <p>Photographs and Diagrams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of GIS data describes characteristics of spatial data like the population of an area or the type of vegetation?

    <p>Attribute Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an atlas in geography and related fields?

    <p>To gain a comprehensive understanding of themes through maps and additional information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the fieldwork phase of a research project, where is data collection primarily conducted?

    <p>In the field where the phenomenon occurs or where participants are accessible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essential activity during the 'Identify and Define a Problem' phase of conducting fieldwork?

    <p>Engaging in extensive reading and observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the 'Formulate a Hypothesis' phase of fieldwork, what is the purpose of proposing a hypothesis?

    <p>To predict a reason for phenomena or propose a solution to identified problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of conducting fieldwork involves analyzing data using appropriate statistical methods and techniques?

    <p>Analyse and Interpret Information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Phase 5 'Present Findings and Make Recommendations' from other phases in conducting fieldwork?

    <p>Compiling research findings into structured formats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of fieldwork would one propose an educated guess or hypothesis?

    <p>'Formulate a Hypothesis'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Phase 3 of fieldwork, 'Collect, Describe, and Record Information', primarily conducted?

    <p>In the field where the phenomenon occurs or where participants are accessible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Phase 4 'Analyse and Interpret Information' during fieldwork?

    <p>Determining patterns emerging from collected data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary activity during Phase 1 'Identify and Define a Problem' of conducting fieldwork?

    <p>Engaging in extensive reading and observation to identify patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in generating electricity from coal?

    <p>Pulverizing coal into a fine powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environmental impact of coal combustion mentioned in the text?

    <p>Emissions of greenhouse gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is coal considered the most economical source for generating electricity, according to the text?

    <p>It is abundant in South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the turbine play in the process of coal-based electricity generation?

    <p>Propelling steam to rotate its blades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor makes coal-fired power stations reliable for electricity generation?

    <p>Dependable generation of electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant waste problems are associated with coal combustion, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated energy potential from wind streams in the Earth's troposphere?

    <p>850 terrawatts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovation involves devices anchored to the seafloor that navigate in tidal currents to generate energy efficiently?

    <p>Underwater Kites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environmental concern related to solar power?

    <p>Production impact on water bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way is South Africa currently addressing its energy needs and promoting sustainable development?

    <p>By shifting towards cleaner electricity sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of energy source produces no air or water pollution?

    <p>Wind power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected percentage of renewable energy in all new electricity generation in South Africa over the next two decades?

    <p>42%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovation involves utilizing photovoltaic technology to integrate solar energy generation into building designs?

    <p>Solar Buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge faced by wind power innovations according to the text?

    <p>Opposition due to noise and visual impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spatial resolution in GIS refer to?

    <p>Level of detail in an image based on pixel size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is renewable energy crucial for reducing the environmental impact of fossil fuels?

    <p>To mitigate global warming and reduce pollution levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GIS data type represents features with length but negligible width?

    <p>Line Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of raster data in GIS?

    <p>Especially effective for continuous data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a green economy prioritize according to the United Nations?

    <p>Efficient resource use while minimizing environmental risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In GIS, what type of data structure uses points, lines, and polygons for representation?

    <p>Vector Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an atlas index?

    <p>Guide users in quickly finding specific locations or features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do maps in an atlas differ from graphs and charts?

    <p>Maps show physical, political, economic, and social landscapes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT typically included in an atlas index?

    <p>Summary of the entire atlas content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key environmental impact of coal combustion by power plants?

    <p>Contribution to acid rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source has the most significant potential but is currently underutilized?

    <p>Solar radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy conversion mechanism used in nuclear power plants?

    <p>Utilizing the nucleus of an atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which South African power stations are primarily being constructed to meet energy demands?

    <p>Medupi and Kisule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environmental concern associated with coal mining?

    <p>Acid Mine Drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy initiative in South Africa signifies a milestone in diversifying energy sources?

    <p>Sere wind power project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of photovoltaics in converting solar power into electricity?

    <p>Generating an electrical charge from sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is South Africa exploring renewable energy options, even though coal is still the most cost-effective choice?

    <p>'Limited Hydroelectric Potential'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable factor contributing to the health risks associated with underground mining?

    <p>The fatalities, injuries, and chronic health issues tied to underground mining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the clustering of power stations in Mpumalanga exacerbate local pollution issues?

    <p>It worsens local air quality through concentrated emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of latitude in geographic coordinates?

    <p>It measures the north-south position between the poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can individuals contribute to promoting environmental health as suggested in the text?

    <p>By reducing personal carbon footprints through mindful consumption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of South Africa's hosting of the COP 17 conference in Durban?

    <p>To raise awareness about climate change on a global scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of businesses in contributing to environmental sustainability?

    <p>Adopting greener practices like reducing emissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In geographic positioning, what is the significance of bearings?

    <p>Specifying direction more precisely measured in degrees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes true bearing from magnetic bearing in geographic measurements?

    <p>True bearing is measured relative to magnetic north, and magnetic bearing is measured relative to true north.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do individuals adopting sustainable living practices contribute to environmental sustainability?

    <p>By reducing personal carbon footprints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'Think globally, act locally' encourage individuals to do?

    <p>&quot;Act within communities to promote environmental health.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is reducing the carbon footprint essential according to the text?

    <p>To mitigate climate change and promote environmental sustainability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the significance of lines of latitude and longitude described in geographic positioning?

    <p>As ways to define locations on Earth through intersection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you calculate the true bearing from the magnetic bearing?

    <p>Subtract the magnetic declination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a close spacing of contour lines on a topographic map indicate?

    <p>Steep slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is vertical exaggeration calculated in drawing cross-sections?

    <p>Dividing the vertical scale by the horizontal scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In calculating gradient, what does a ratio of 1:30 indicate?

    <p>For every 30 meters horizontally, there is a 1 meter vertical rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a larger vertical exaggeration achieve in drawing cross-sections?

    <p>Enhances visibility of subtle terrain features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature that differentiates oblique aerial photographs from vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>The angle of capture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are contour lines on topographic maps important for understanding terrain?

    <p>To display elevation changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is primarily used to identify built structures like buildings and roads on aerial photographs?

    <p>Shape and pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a cross-section help visualize in geography?

    <p>Elevation profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of aerial photographs, how do bare fields appear visually compared to vegetated areas?

    <p>Lighter in tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of orthophoto maps over standard aerial photographs?

    <p>Scale-accurate image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you convert square meters (m²) to hectares (ha)?

    <p>Divide by 10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intervisibility refers to:

    <p>&quot;Sight lines intersecting with terrain features to block views&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do geographers mainly use aerial photographs and orthophoto maps in disaster preparedness and response strategies?

    <p>To enhance planning and response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contours on topographic maps connect points:

    <p>&quot;Of equal elevation above mean sea level&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function of GIS involves converting data into a uniform format and integrating it with other data types?

    <p>Transforming and integrating data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Displaying Data' is a crucial function of GIS that primarily involves:

    <p>Creating maps and information tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Georeferencing' in GIS refers to the process of:

    <p>Associating data with specific locations on Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Transforming and Integrating Data' in GIS involves which essential step?

    <p>Converting data into a uniform format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of 'Storing and Managing Data' in the context of GIS?

    <p>Providing a framework for efficient data storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step recommended when studying a theme using an atlas?

    <p>Start with the table of contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In conducting fieldwork as part of a research project, where is Phase 3 primarily conducted?

    <p>In a field where the phenomenon occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of formulating a hypothesis in Phase 2 of conducting fieldwork?

    <p>Proposing an educated guess or hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase involves compiling research findings into a structured format like a report or poster?

    <p>Present Findings and Make Recommendations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fieldwork, what determines the type of data required and the methods for collecting it?

    <p>The phenomenon being studied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sets the direction for an entire research project according to the text?

    <p>Identifying and defining a problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Phase 4 of conducting fieldwork primarily undertaken?

    <p>In the classroom or lab setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key activity in Phase 1 of conducting fieldwork?

    <p>Identifying and defining a problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial in Phase 4 of conducting fieldwork according to the text?

    <p>Processing and analyzing data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is fundamental to Phase 5 of conducting fieldwork?

    <p>Making actionable recommendations based on findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in generating electricity from coal?

    <p>Pulverizing coal into a fine powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of coal-based electricity generation mentioned in the text?

    <p>Reliability in electricity generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant waste problem associated with coal combustion mentioned in the text?

    <p>Production of fly ash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a coal-fired power station directly produces electric current?

    <p>Generator coil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental impact is specifically mentioned as a disadvantage of coal combustion in the text?

    <p>Emission of sulfur and nitrogen oxides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the coal electricity generation process helps to turn water into steam?

    <p>Boilers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovation aims to emulate the photosynthesis process to store and utilize solar energy?

    <p>Artificial Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential concern associated with wind power innovation mentioned in the text?

    <p>Visual pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of energy production has no air pollution during operation but raises environmental concerns during production and disposal processes?

    <p>Solar Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated energy potential from wind streams in the Earth's troposphere compared to humanity's annual energy consumption?

    <p>Higher by 833 TW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovation involves kite-like devices anchored to the seafloor for energy generation in tidal currents?

    <p>Underwater Kites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In South Africa, what percentage of new electricity generation is expected to be from renewable energy sources over the next two decades?

    <p>42%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of energy production is crucial for reducing the environmental impact of fossil fuels according to the text?

    <p>Wind Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Solar Buildings' innovation primarily focuses on integrating solar energy generation into what aspect of structures?

    <p>'Green' roof installation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct method to calculate true bearing from magnetic bearing?

    <p>Subtract the magnetic declination from the magnetic bearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does vertical exaggeration help achieve in drawing cross-sections?

    <p>Enhancing visibility of terrain features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is gradient calculated in geographic measurements?

    <p>Dividing vertical difference by horizontal distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it indicate when contour lines on a topographic map are close together?

    <p>Steep slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you convert square meters (m²) to hectares (ha)?

    <p>Divide by 10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does intervisibility refer to in geographic terms?

    <p>Lack of obstructions in line of sight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a contour line on a topographic map connecting points of equal elevation above mean sea level represent?

    <p>Change in elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information do different contour intervals represent on topographic maps?

    <p>Elevation changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of governments in addressing climate change, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Promoting environmental education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key focus of businesses in contributing to environmental sustainability, based on the text?

    <p>Enhancing waste management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographic coordinates measure the north-south position between the poles?

    <p>Latitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle measured relative to magnetic north called?

    <p>Magnetic Bearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can individuals most effectively contribute to environmental health within their communities?

    <p>Adopting the principle of 'Think globally, act locally'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using bearings in geography?

    <p>Locating relative position and direction precisely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action helps in reducing the carbon footprint according to the text?

    <p>Embracing sustainable living practices individually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aerial photograph is best suited for mapping due to its consistent scale and true top-down view?

    <p>Vertical aerial photograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is primarily used to identify built structures like buildings and roads on aerial photographs?

    <p>Pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of aerial photographs, what does 'tone' refer to when identifying features?

    <p>Reflectivity of the object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of an orthophoto map distinguishes it from standard aerial photographs, making it highly reliable for precise measurements?

    <p>Scale accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of GIS in querying and manipulating data for extraction of relevant information?

    <p>Recalling and processing data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In GIS, what is the function that involves converting data into a uniform format for comprehensive analysis?

    <p>Transforming and integrating data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Georeferencing' in GIS is primarily associated with which spatial aspect of geographic data?

    <p>Association with specific locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Displaying Data' in GIS primarily involves presenting spatial data in what visual formats?

    <p>.shp shapefiles and maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Spatially Referenced Data' in GIS ensures that each piece of information is linked to a specific location on the earth's surface through what process?

    <p>Geographic location referencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aspect that distinguishes high-oblique aerial photographs from low-oblique aerial photographs?

    <p>Inclusion or absence of horizon in the photo frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spatial resolution refer to in an image?

    <p>The level of detail in an image based on pixel size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GIS data type covers regions like lakes or national parks?

    <p>Area Data (Polygons)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between raster and vector data structures in GIS?

    <p>Raster data consists of a grid of cells while vector data uses points, lines, and polygons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information do graphs, charts, and tables provide in an atlas?

    <p>Quantitative views on various issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is an atlas index considered a critical tool for users?

    <p>To guide users in finding specific locations quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In GIS, what does line data primarily represent?

    <p>Features with length but negligible width</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element complements maps in an atlas by offering visual context and illustrating changes over time?

    <p><strong>Photographs and Diagrams</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using vector data in GIS for representing geographic features?

    <p><strong>Vector data</strong> uses points, lines, and polygons to represent discrete features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Raster Data in GIS is particularly effective for which type of data?

    <p><strong>Continuous data</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Area Data (Polygons) in GIS primarily covers which type of regions?

    <p><strong>Regions like lakes or national parks</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Phase 3 in conducting fieldwork as part of a research project?

    <p>To collect, describe, and record information using appropriate methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is studying the maps, graphs, and additional information provided important when studying a theme using an atlas?

    <p>To gain a comprehensive understanding of the theme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of conducting fieldwork are researchers expected to propose actionable recommendations or solutions based on their findings?

    <p>Phase 5: Present Findings and Make Recommendations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is fieldwork considered a crucial part of many research projects according to the text?

    <p>To directly observe natural phenomena or societal behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Phase 2 of fieldwork from Phase 4?

    <p>Proposing an educated guess vs. processing data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is studying the table of contents important when exploring a specific theme in an atlas?

    <p>To locate the exact page number for the theme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Phase 1 of fieldwork from Phase 3?

    <p>Identifying patterns vs. collecting data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do researchers engage in hypothesis formulation during fieldwork?

    <p>To predict possible reasons for phenomena or solutions to problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary environmental concern associated with coal combustion by power plants?

    <p>Emission of CO2, SO2, and airborne particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source is harnessed in the Sere wind power and Upington solar power projects in South Africa?

    <p>Solar radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of South Africa's 20-Year energy plan mentioned in the text?

    <p>To diversify the energy mix by 2030</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major initiative did South Africa embark on in November 2011 mentioned in the text?

    <p>Signing a deal for renewable energy projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves converting solar power into electricity using silicon derived from sand?

    <p>Photovoltaics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of open-cast mining on landscapes according to the text?

    <p>Significantly alters landscapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately represents South Africa's approach to renewable energy research?

    <p>Exploring renewable energy despite coal's cost-effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does coal combustion contribute to environmental issues according to the text?

    <p>By releasing CO2 and airborne particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the nucleus of an atom release that is utilized for electricity generation in nuclear plants?

    <p>High amounts of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

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