Genetics Terminology and Concepts Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is a dominant allele?

A variant form of a gene that is only expressed when two copies are present

A variant form of a gene that masks all other variants (correct)

A type of allele that does not affect phenotype

An organism's entire genetic make-up

What is a recessive allele?

A variant form of a gene which is masked by dominant alleles (correct)

An allele that is always expressed in the phenotype

A genetic trait that does not exist

A variant form of a gene that masks all other variants

What is a gene?

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

What defines an allele?

A variant form of a gene Signup and view all the answers

What does homozygous mean?

An organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait Signup and view all the answers

What does heterozygous mean?

An organism that has two different alleles for the same trait Signup and view all the answers

What is a Punnett square?

A tool used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations in genetic organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is a phenotype?

An organism's physical traits Signup and view all the answers

What is a genotype?

An organism's genetic make-up Signup and view all the answers

What is incomplete dominance?

A situation where some alleles are neither completely dominant nor recessive Signup and view all the answers

What is codominance?

A situation where both alleles are expressed in the phenotype Signup and view all the answers

What are sex-linked traits?

Genes found on sex chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is a carrier in genetics?

An individual that has inherited a recessive allele but does not display the associated trait Signup and view all the answers

What is a pedigree chart?

A diagram that shows the presence or absence of a trait across generations Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Genetics Terminology and Concepts

Dominant Allele: A variant form of a gene that masks others, leading to a dominant phenotype in individuals with just one copy. Can be inherited from only one parent.
Recessive Allele: A gene variant that is masked by dominant alleles; requires two copies for a recessive phenotype, one from each parent.
Gene: A DNA sequence that codes for a protein and determines specific traits, such as hair color.
Allele: A variant form of a gene; individuals inherit two alleles for each trait, one from each parent.
Homozygous: An organism with two identical alleles for a trait (e.g., two lowercase "h" alleles resulting in hairless guinea pigs).
Heterozygous: An organism with two different alleles for a trait (e.g., one dominant "H" and one recessive "h" resulting in hairy guinea pigs).
Punnett Square: A tool used to predict genotype and phenotype combinations based on mathematical probability in genetic crosses.
Phenotype: The observable physical traits of an organism, such as blue eyes.
Genotype: The genetic composition of an organism, which determines traits like eye color.
Incomplete Dominance: A genetic scenario where neither allele is completely dominant or recessive, causing heterozygous phenotypes to be intermediate between the two homozygous forms.
Codominance: A situation where both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype of heterozygous individuals, displaying characteristics of both alleles.
Sex-linked Traits: Traits associated with genes located on sex chromosomes, incorporating genetics from both parents.
Carrier: An individual who inherits a recessive allele for a trait but typically does not exhibit symptoms; may carry potential genetic conditions.
Pedigree Chart: A diagram that illustrates the inheritance of traits within families, showing relationships and the presence or absence of specific traits among members.

Description

Test your understanding of fundamental genetics terminology and concepts, including dominant and recessive alleles, genotypes, and the use of Punnett squares. This quiz covers key definitions and important principles that form the basis of genetics. Prepare to explore the building blocks of heredity and how traits are passed down through generations.