Genetics Glossary - VGL Vocab Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is an allele?

  • An alternate version of a gene (correct)
  • A building block of DNA
  • A type of amino acid
  • A variant of a protein

What are amino acids?

  • The building blocks of proteins (correct)
  • Structural components of the cell membrane
  • The smallest unit of DNA
  • Genetic mutations

What is the blood-brain barrier?

  • A protective barrier in the brain (correct)
  • A selective barrier in the heart
  • A membrane that covers the brain
  • A type of protein in the bloodstream

What does 'autosomal' refer to?

<p>Non-sex chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a carrier in genetics?

<p>An organism possessing one copy of a recessive allele (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are caused by differences in the sequence of the DNA at a specific position within a gene?

<p>Alleles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes chimerism?

<p>The presence of at least two different complete diploid sets of DNA that originated from more than one zygote (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a codon in DNA or RNA?

<p>It specifies the synthesis of a single amino acid during the translation of mRNA to protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between co-dominance and incomplete dominance?

<p>Co-dominance results in the expression of both alleles equally, while incomplete dominance results in the blending of phenotypes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are de novo variants?

<p>Genetic variations that arise in a reproductive cell or the fertilized egg, and are absent from both parents’ DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of dilution in the context of coat color mutations?

<p>A variant of a pigmentation gene that lightens the coat color of an animal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does complete penetrance refer to?

<p>Traits with complete penetrance will be expressed in all individuals possessing the causal allele (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound heterozygote?

<p>An organism with two different mutant alleles at the same genetic locus, one on each chromosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a deletion mutation?

<p>A type of mutation in which part of the DNA sequence is lost (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chimerism caused by in animals?

<p>Two fertilized eggs fusing early during gestation or twins exchanging cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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