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Genetics Glossary - VGL Vocab Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is an allele?

An alternate version of a gene (correct)

A building block of DNA

A type of amino acid

A variant of a protein

What are amino acids?

The building blocks of proteins (correct)

Structural components of the cell membrane

The smallest unit of DNA

Genetic mutations

What is the blood-brain barrier?

A protective barrier in the brain (correct)

A selective barrier in the heart

A membrane that covers the brain

A type of protein in the bloodstream

What does 'autosomal' refer to?

Non-sex chromosomes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a carrier in genetics?

An organism possessing one copy of a recessive allele (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are caused by differences in the sequence of the DNA at a specific position within a gene?

Alleles (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes chimerism?

The presence of at least two different complete diploid sets of DNA that originated from more than one zygote (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a codon in DNA or RNA?

It specifies the synthesis of a single amino acid during the translation of mRNA to protein (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between co-dominance and incomplete dominance?

Co-dominance results in the expression of both alleles equally, while incomplete dominance results in the blending of phenotypes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are de novo variants?

Genetic variations that arise in a reproductive cell or the fertilized egg, and are absent from both parents’ DNA (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of dilution in the context of coat color mutations?

A variant of a pigmentation gene that lightens the coat color of an animal (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does complete penetrance refer to?

Traits with complete penetrance will be expressed in all individuals possessing the causal allele (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound heterozygote?

An organism with two different mutant alleles at the same genetic locus, one on each chromosome (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a deletion mutation?

A type of mutation in which part of the DNA sequence is lost (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is chimerism caused by in animals?

Two fertilized eggs fusing early during gestation or twins exchanging cells (D) Signup and view all the answers