18 Questions
What is the term for one of a pair of genes that occupy the same location on homologous chromosomes and affect the same trait in animals?
Allele
Which term refers to the number of chromosomes in a sex cell, being half of the original number?
Haploid
What process results in cell division of the nucleus of a somatic cell, leading to two identical daughter nuclei in two cells?
Mitosis
Which term describes the essential part of a cell that contains nuclear sap and is the source of chromosomes?
Nucleus
What is the proportion of observed variation in a trait that can be inherited due to genetic factors called?
Heritability
Which term is used to describe the division of a cell resulting in haploid cells?
Meiosis
What refers to a male reproductive cell?
Gametes
Which term describes a female chromosome?
X Chromosome
Homologous means:
Alike or equal
What is the term for the sum of qualities genetically derived from one's parents?
Heritability
Which term describes the process that brings about differences and similarities between parents and offspring?
Heritability
What is the term for the male or female reproductive cells?
Gametes
What refers to paired chromosomes in body cells?
Diploid
Which term describes meiosis in females?
Oogenesis
What is referred to as one of a pair of genes that occupy the same location on homologous chromosomes and affect the same trait in animals?
Allele
What is the complex solution of organic and inorganic components outside the cell nucleus contained by a cell membrane called?
Cytoplasm
What is the proportion of observed variation in a particular trait which can be inherited due to genetic factors?
Heritability
Which term refers to the number of chromosomes in a sex cell which is half of the original number?
Haploid
Study Notes
Genetics and Heredity
- Genetics is the science of heredity and variation, studying the differences and similarities between parents and offspring.
- Heredity is the process that brings about these differences and similarities, resulting in the sum of qualities genetically derived from one's parents.
Vocabulary
- Allele: one of a pair of genes that occupy the same location on homologous chromosomes, affecting the same trait in animals.
- Cytoplasm: a complex solution of organic and inorganic components outside the cell nucleus, contained by a cell membrane.
- Diploid: refers to paired chromosomes in body cells.
- Gametes: male or female reproductive cells.
- Genes: the smallest unit of inheritance, a portion of a DNA molecule that occurs in pairs on chromosomes in the nucleus of every cell.
- Haploid: refers to the number of chromosomes in a sex cell, which is half of the original number.
- Heritability: the proportion of observed variation in a particular trait that can be inherited due to genetic factors.
- Nucleus: essential to cell functions, containing nuclear sap, and the source of chromosomes.
- Chromatin: forms colored bodies.
Cell Division and Reproduction
- Meiosis: cell division resulting in haploid cells.
- Mitosis: cell division of the nucleus of a somatic cell, resulting in two identical daughter nuclei in two cells.
- Oogenesis: meiosis in females.
- Spermatogenesis: meiosis in males.
Chromosomes
- X Chromosome: a female chromosome.
- Y Chromosome: a male chromosome.
Test your knowledge of fundamental animal microgenetics with this quiz focusing on key terms in genetics, heredity, alleles, and cytoplasm. Enhance your understanding of genetic concepts and terminology.
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