Monohybrid Cross Vocabulary Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the term for genotypes made of the same alleles?

Recessive

Heterozygous

Homozygous (correct)

Dominant

What are different forms of genes for a single trait called?

alleles

What is the gene that is always expressed?

dominant

What is the gene that is expressed only in the homozygous state?

recessive Signup and view all the answers

What are genotypes made of two different alleles called?

heterozygous Signup and view all the answers

What are the following examples of?: D, L, N, R, S

dominant allele Signup and view all the answers

What are the following examples of?: n, d, r, k

recessive allele Signup and view all the answers

What are the following examples of?: AA, KK, TT

homozygous dominant Signup and view all the answers

What are the following examples of?: ee, qq, ww

homozygous recessive Signup and view all the answers

What are the following examples of?: AA, Dd, EE, Jj, RR, Ss?

genotypes where the dominant gene must show Signup and view all the answers

What are the following examples of?: aa, rr?

genotypes where the recessive gene must show Signup and view all the answers

What do the letters on the outside of the Punnett square represent?

the alleles of the parents Signup and view all the answers

What do the letters on the inside of the Punnett square represent?

the possible combinations of the traits of the offspring Signup and view all the answers

If a homozygous hornless bull is mated with a homozygous horned cow, what will be the genotype and phenotype of the first generation?

p1: HH x hh, f1: Hh Signup and view all the answers

What would be the genotype and phenotype of the P1 and F1 generations if red fruit is dominant over yellow fruit?

p1: RR x rr, f1: Rr Signup and view all the answers

If two of the F1 generation from the above cross were mated, what would be the genotypes and phenotypes of the F2?

f1: Rr x Rr, f2: 1:2:1 3:1 Signup and view all the answers

What are the father phenotype, father genotype, mother phenotype, and mother genotype if a non-roller man marries a heterozygous tongue roller woman?

father pheno: non roller, father geno: rr, mother pheno: roller, mother geno: Rr Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability of this couple having a child who is a tongue roller?

1/2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability that a couple with a brown-eyed man and a brown-eyed woman will have a blue-eyed child?

25% Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Genetics Terminology

Homozygous: Genotypes composed of identical alleles.
Alleles: Variants of a gene that determine a specific trait.
Dominant: A gene that consistently manifests in the phenotype, even in the presence of a different allele.
Recessive: A gene that is only exhibited in the phenotype when paired with another identical allele (homozygous state).
Heterozygous: Genotypes made of two distinct alleles.

Genotype Examples

Dominant Alleles Examples: Represented by uppercase letters (e.g., D, L, N, R, S).
Recessive Alleles Examples: Represented by lowercase letters (e.g., n, d, r, k).
Homozygous Dominant Examples: Combinations of identical dominant alleles (e.g., AA, KK, TT).
Homozygous Recessive Examples: Combinations of identical recessive alleles (e.g., ee, qq, ww).
Dominant Gene Requirement: Genotypes must include a dominant allele (e.g., AA, Dd, EE, Jj, RR, Ss).
Recessive Gene Requirement: Genotypes must be homozygous recessive (e.g., aa, rr).

Punnett Square Basics

Outside Letters: Indicate the alleles contributed by the parents.
Inside Letters: Show possible combinations of offspring traits resulting from parental alleles.

Practical Genetics Applications

Horned Cattle Case:
- Parental Cross: Homozygous hornless bull (HH) x Homozygous horned cow (hh).
- First Generation Genotype/Phenotype: F1 will be Hh (all offspring hornless).
Tomato Color Cross:
- Parental Cross: Homozygous red fruit (RR) x Yellow fruit (rr).
- First Generation Genotype/Phenotype: F1 will be Rr (all offspring red).

Second Generation Predictions

Tomato F2 Cross:
- F1 Cross: Rr x Rr.
- F2 Genotypes and Phenotypes: 1:2:1 genotype ratio; 3:1 phenotype ratio (three red: one yellow).

Human Trait Example

Tongue Rolling:
- Father’s Phenotype: Non-roller; Genotype: rr.
- Mother’s Phenotype: Roller; Genotype: Rr.
- Probability of having a tongue-rolling child: 50% (1/2 chance).

Eye Color Genetics

Brown vs. Blue Eyes:
- Brown-eyed father (genotype Bb, blue-eyed mother bb).
- Probability of blue-eyed child: 25%.

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Description

Test your understanding of key terms related to monohybrid crosses with this set of flashcards. Each card reveals a specific genetic term and its definition, providing an easy way to remember important concepts in genetics.