Genetics Glossary - VGL Vocab

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Questions and Answers

What is an allele?

A type of blood vessel in the brain
The building blocks of proteins
A disease-causing variant
An alternate version of a gene (correct)

What are amino acids?

The building blocks of proteins (correct)
Non-sex chromosomes
Toxins or pathogens
Variants of genes

What does autosomal refer to?

Non-sex chromosomes (correct)
Disease-causing variants
Blood-brain barrier
Chromosomes X and Y

What is the blood-brain barrier?

A selective barrier of endothelial cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a carrier in genetics?

An organism possessing one copy of a recessive allele (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do carriers not express?

The phenotype of the recessive allele (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is chimerism?

When an organism or tissue contains at least two different complete diploid sets of DNA that originated from more than one zygote (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a chromosome?

A physical structure that stores the genetic information, composed of long strands of RNA coiled around proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is co-dominance?

Both alleles at a locus are expressed equally in an organism (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a codon?

A sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in DNA or RNA that specifies the synthesis of a single amino acid or acts as a start or stop signal during translation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is complete penetrance?

Traits with complete penetrance will be expressed in all individuals possessing the causal allele (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound heterozygote?

An individual with two different mutant alleles at the same genetic locus (one on each chromosome) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a deletion mutation?

A mutation where part of the DNA sequence is lost (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are de novo variants?

Genetic variations that arise in a reproductive cell or the fertilized egg so that they are present in an individual animal but absent from both parents’ DNA (A) Signup and view all the answers