Genetics and Inherited Characteristics

James Blundell

Karl Landsteiner

Bernard Fantus

<p>Immunology is a field of study that focuses on the immune system and its role in protecting the body from harmful substances. It investigates how the immune system recognizes and fights off foreign invaders while distinguishing them from the body's own cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hematology is the branch of medicine and biology that deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders related to blood and its components. In the context of immunohematology, it plays a crucial role in determining blood compatibility for transfusions and manages blood disorders through medical interventions and therapies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A blood bank is a facility or organization that collects, tests, processes, stores, and distributes donated blood and its components for medical use. Its main purpose is to provide a safe and sufficient supply of blood for transfusions to patients in need.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genotype refers to the total genetic composition of an individual, representing maternally and paternally derived genes. Phenotype refers to the detectable or expressed characteristics of genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Codominant is a term used to describe a pair of genes in which neither is dominant over the other; that is, they are both expressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In Mendelian genetics, genes occur in pairs and are passed from parent to offspring. The law of independent segregation states that two members of a single gene pair are passed from one generation to the next in separate genes. The law of independent assortment states that traits inherited from different chromosomes are expressed separately and discretely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linkage genes are genes that are close together on a chromosome and inherited as one unit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Se gene and the Lu gene were the first to be identified as linked.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haplotypes are sets of genes that are inherited via one of the two parental gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amorphs are genes that do not produce a detectable trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ISBT # for the ABO blood group system is 001.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ISBT # for the Rh blood group system is 004.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>codominant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>homozygous</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>homozygous, heterozygous</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EARLY DEVELOPMENT</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DISCOVERY OF BLOOD GROUPS</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>BLOOD FRACTIONATION AND APHERESIS</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hematology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>blood bank</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>close</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>haplotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>produce</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>terminology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>statistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haplotypes are sets of genes inherited via one of the two parental gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amorphs are genes that do not produce a detectable trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>007</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>009</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>010</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>030</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>031</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>039</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>041</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>043</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>James Blundell in 1829</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Karl Landsteiner in 1901</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They discovered the Rh blood group in 1940</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Edward E. Lindemann, year unknown</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He determined the minimum amount of citrate used for anticoagulation and demonstrated its nontoxicity in small amounts in 1915</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Federico Duran-Jorda</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Charles Drew, his pioneer work was the development of techniques in blood transfusion and blood preservation leading to the establishment of a wide system of blood banks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An allele is one of two or more different genes that may occupy a specific locus on a chromosome. For example, at the ABO blood group locus, the alleles could be A, B, or O.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genotype refers to the total genetic composition of an individual, representing maternally and paternally derived genes. Phenotype refers to the detectable or expressed characteristics of genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle of Mendelian inheritance states that genes occur in pairs, with one gene passed from parent to offspring. It also includes the laws of independent segregation and independent assortment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inheritance of blood group antigens can be predicted using Punnett squares. The patterns include homozygous (identical alleles from both parents) and heterozygous (different alleles from each parent) individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In genetics, &quot;dominant&quot; refers to an allele that only requires one copy to be inherited for it to be expressed. The gene product associated with the dominant allele is always present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dosage effect refers to the fact that agglutination reactions are generally stronger for homozygous cells (having identical alleles) and slightly weaker for heterozygous cells (having different alleles).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gel technology is a method used in genetics and blood typing to separate and detect DNA or blood components. It allows for the visualization and analysis of genetic variations or antigen-antibody reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunology is the study of the immune system and its role in protecting the body from harmful substances. It is important because it investigates how the immune system recognizes and fights off foreign invaders while distinguishing them from the body's own cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hematology is the branch of medicine and biology that deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders related to blood and its components. It relates to immunohematology because immunohematology specifically focuses on blood compatibility for transfusions and managing blood disorders through medical interventions and therapies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main purpose of a blood bank is to provide a safe and sufficient supply of blood for transfusions to patients in need. It collects, tests, processes, stores, and distributes donated blood and its components for medical use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transfusion medicine encompasses the use of blood and blood components such as platelets, plasma, and clotting factors for specific patient needs. Its goal is to improve patient outcomes by providing safe and effective transfusion therapies while minimizing the risks associated with transfusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunoglobulins are blood components that play a crucial role in transfusion medicine. They are used to provide specific antibodies to patients who lack them or have weakened immune systems, helping to enhance their immune response and protect against infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) provides standardization and nomenclature for Red Blood Cell Surface Antigens in Blood Group Systems. It helps ensure consistent and accurate identification of blood types for transfusion compatibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transfusion medicine contributes to improving patient outcomes by providing safe and effective transfusion therapies. It ensures that patients receive compatible blood and blood components, reducing the risks of adverse reactions and complications during transfusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers