Blood Transfusion and Human Blood Groups

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the primary reason why transfusion of incompatible blood can be fatal?

The transfused cells may cause an allergic reaction
The transfused cells may carry infectious diseases
The transfused cells may be destroyed by the immune system (correct)
The transfused cells may cause a vigorous inflammatory response

What is the term for the protein molecules on the surface of red blood cells that can trigger an immune response?

Hemolysins
Antigens
Agglutinogens (correct)
Antibodies

Which of the following blood groups is based on the presence or absence of two agglutinogens?

MNS blood group
Kell blood group
Rh blood group
ABO blood group (correct)

What is the approximate percentage of the population that has the rhesus D antigen?

85% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of receiving blood products into one's circulation intravenously?

Blood transfusion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of blood transfusion?

To replace blood cells or blood products lost through severe bleeding (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the transfusion of one's own blood?

Autologous transfusion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration when deciding to transfuse blood or blood products?

A careful assessment of clinical and laboratory indications (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of evaluating a prospective donor's health status and medical history?

To safeguard the health and safety of the donor and the recipient (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for reviewing selection criteria for blood donors?

To prevent discrimination based on gender, race, nationality, or religion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using Triple Blood Bag in blood collection?

To separate whole blood into three blood components through centrifugation and extraction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the BTS in relation to deferred donors?

To provide counselling to all deferred donors and referral for their further management (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of blood bags used in blood collection?

They are disposable, transparent, and flexible poly vinyl chloride (PVC) containers (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which whole blood is separated into three blood components?

Centrifugation and extraction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using Triple Top and Bottom Blood Bags?

To collect and separate three different blood components: plasma, red cells, and buffy coat (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of the BTS staff in relation to blood donors?

To be suitably qualified and trained in the donor selection process (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of citrate phosphate dextrose solution in blood donor bags?

To preserve whole blood and red blood cells for up to 21 days (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is NOT typical of a transfusion transmissible infection?

The infectious agent has a short incubation period before the appearance of clinical signs and symptoms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between citrate phosphate dextrose and citrate phosphate dextrose adenine solutions?

The addition of adenine in citrate phosphate dextrose adenine solution (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the donor needle gauge in a blood donor bag?

To collect blood samples from the donor (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about a blood donor with a transfusion transmissible infection?

The donor may have an asymptomatic phase or only mild symptoms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum shelf life of whole blood and red blood cells when preserved with citrate phosphate dextrose adenine solution?

35 days (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of fresh frozen plasma in trauma patients?

To treat coagulopathic hemorrhage (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature range at which fresh frozen plasma is stored?

-40 to -50 degrees centigrade (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of cryoprecipitate?

Fibrinogen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the shelf life of platelet concentrate?

5 days (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for using cryoprecipitate?

Factor VIII deficiency (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of cryoprecipitate?

White (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of platelet concentrate?

To treat thrombocytopenia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common precaution associated with fresh frozen plasma transfusion?

Anaphylactic reactions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum recommended screening for hepatitis B in blood donations?

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the storage condition for whole blood?

Refrigerated (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate haemoglobin level in whole blood?

12g/dl (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of packed red cells?

Treatment of anemia without substantially increasing the patient's blood volume (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the shelf life of whole blood depending on the type of anticoagulant used?

Up to 35 days (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate volume of whole blood?

450 ml (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary screening test for syphilis in blood donations?

Specific treponemal antibodies (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended time frame for transfusion of whole blood after removal from the refrigerator?

Within 30 minutes to 4 hours (D) Signup and view all the answers