Blood Transfusion and Immunology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

During the secondary immune response, which antibody will be in higher concentration?

  • IgA
  • IgE
  • IgG (correct)
  • IgM

    • What is the primary antibody type produced in the secondary immune response?

  • IgM
  • IgA
  • IgG (correct)
  • IgE

    • What is the primary function of antibodies?

  • Enhance cell-mediated immunity
  • Opsonize microorganisms
  • Neutralize toxins and viruses (correct)
  • Activate complement system

    • What does opsonization by antibodies involve?

    <p>Making microorganisms more easily ingested by phagocytic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary antibody in the fetus due to its ability to cross the placenta?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the tests used for the evaluation of humoral immunity?

    <p>Nephelometry and Immuno-electrophoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement pathway requires activation by an immune complex?

    <p>Classic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many proteins does the complement system consist of approximately?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are complement proteins synthesized mainly?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody mediates Erythroblastosis Fetalis?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central molecule of the complement system?

    <p>C3b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is complement a part of innate or adaptive immunity?

    <p>Innate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is humoral immunity?

    <p>Antibody-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is humoral immunity primarily directly against?

    <p>Exotoxin mediated diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specific exotoxins does humoral immunity directly target?

    <p>Tetanus and diphtheria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary immune response?

    <p>The response when an antigen enters the body for the first time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    About how many days is the lag period in the primary immune response?

    <p>7-10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the secondary response?

    <p>A second encounter with the same antigen or closely related one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the genes for HLA proteins clustered?

    <p>On chromosome 6 in the MHC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary reasons for first-set allograft rejections?

    <p>T cell mediated reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indirect process in allograft rejection?

    <p>Recipient's APCs present donor's proteins to recipient's immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the patient result of allograft organ transplants of the kidneys?

    <p>Long-term success with proper tissue matching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What antigens cause most blood transfusion reactions?

    <p>ABO antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines a person’s blood type?

    <p>The antigens present on the surface of red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of C3b in the complement pathways?

    <p>Marks foreign and targets it for destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the classic pathway, what does the C1 complex form and what is its function?

    <p>C1 complex forms protease; its function is to cleave C2 and C4 to form C4b, 2b complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the alternative pathway of the complement system initiated?

    <p>By binding of C3 (H2O) and factor B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of agglutination testing?

    <p>It is based on the presence of agglutinating antibodies in patient sera that can react with specific antigens to form visible clumps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the membrane attack complex in the complement system?

    <p>Causes cytolsis of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the uses of serologic tests?

    <p>Diagnosis of infectious diseases, determination of blood type and HLA type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of Nephelometry?

    <p>Measuring the optical density of the precipitate formed by specific antibody densities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use of single diffusion (radial immunodiffusion) test?

    <p>Measuring antibodies to influenza virus in serum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of radioimmunoassay (RIA)?

    <p>Measuring the concentration of antigens through the use of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use of the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test?

    <p>Detecting and quantifying soluble substances (peptides, proteins, antibodies, antigens, and hormones)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of immunofluorescence (fluorescent antibody) test?

    <p>Use of UV lights to show the specific combination of antigen with its antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is complement fixation test used for?

    <p>Basis of some tests to detect the presence of specific antibodies or antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Western Blot test used for?

    <p>To detect HIV; specific protein molecules from among a mixture of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the flow cytometry (FCM) test used for?

    <p>To detect, identify and count specific cells and identity particular components within cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle measurement of radioimmunoassay?

    <p>Radio emission which gives sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle measurement of single diffusion (radial immunodiffusion) test?

    <p>Antibody is incorporated in agar gel; antigen is applied to the well; ring of precipitation is measured and will be directly proportional to the concentration of the antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

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