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General Biology 1: Cell Cycle and Mitosis
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General Biology 1: Cell Cycle and Mitosis

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Questions and Answers

What is the process called when cancer cells spread via the circulatory system?

  • Apoptosis
  • Anaphase
  • Metastasis (correct)
  • Mitosis
  • What condition describes when some cells have a mutation of a gene while others do not?

  • Mosaicism (correct)
  • Mutation
  • Chromosomal aberration
  • Transcription
  • Which of the following diseases is linked to mosaicism?

  • Asthma
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Diabetes
  • Marfan syndrome (correct)
  • After 50 hours, how many cells will there be if the growth rate of rapidly dividing human liver cells is considered?

    <p>32</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many copies of each chromosome will be present after 60 hours of mitotic division of a diploid cell?

    <p>32</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the cell cycle involves the chromosomes failing to separate properly?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The HeLa cell line is primarily utilized in scientific research due to its...

    <p>Immortal nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major event occurs during prophase of mitosis?

    <p>Chromosomes condense and become visible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Republic Act 8293, section 176 specify about copyright of government works?

    <p>Prior approval is necessary for exploitation of government works for profit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is listed as the Secretary in the module?

    <p>Leonor Magtolis Briones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role is not mentioned among the authors of the module?

    <p>Research Scientist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the responsibilities of the LRMDS Coordinator?

    <p>Managing the Learning Resource Management and Development System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does not require prior permission for use according to Republic Act 8293?

    <p>Works of the Government of the Philippines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who serves as the Chief Education Supervisor for the Regional Office 3?

    <p>Milagros M. Peñaflor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can a government agency impose for the exploitation of their work?

    <p>Payment of royalties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a member of the Senior HS Module Development Team?

    <p>Diosdado M. San Antonio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct stage of mitosis during which sister chromatids are moving apart?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the formation of a new nuclear membrane?

    <p>Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase occurs when the chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for DNA synthesis?

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which mitotic phase do centrioles move towards opposite poles?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase is known for the disassembly of the mitotic spindle?

    <p>Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mitotic spindle during mitosis?

    <p>To separate sister chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identifying errors in the cell cycle can lead to understanding which type of issues?

    <p>Genetic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lifespan of red blood cells in the human body?

    <p>120 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are replacement red blood cells produced?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes mutations that can disrupt the mitotic process?

    <p>Toxic compounds and radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are benign tumors characterized by?

    <p>They remain at the local site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are malignant tumors different from benign tumors?

    <p>They can spread into neighboring tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many red blood cells are present in approximately 5 liters of blood if there are 5 million red blood cells per cubic millimeter?

    <p>25 trillion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cell division during the healing process of wounds?

    <p>It increases and then decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs as a result of errors in mitosis?

    <p>Mutations occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of the cell cycle are chromosomes duplicated?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following events does NOT occur during some stages of interphase?

    <p>Separation of sister chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which cell structure do mitotic spindles arise?

    <p>Centrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of mitosis do mitotic spindle fibers attach to kinetochores?

    <p>Prometaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of mitosis involves the unpacking of chromosomes and formation of a new nuclear envelope?

    <p>Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mitotic spindles during mitosis?

    <p>Facilitate the separation of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of metaphase?

    <p>Chromosomes align at the cell's equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during G1 phase of the cell cycle?

    <p>Cell growth and organelle duplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Cycle: Mitosis Overview

    • Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with identical genetic material.
    • The original cell is diploid (2n), meaning it contains two sets of chromosomes.
    • Understanding of the cell cycle is foundational for biology, as it describes how cells grow and divide.

    Stages of Mitosis

    • Interphase: The preparatory phase before mitosis that involves DNA replication and cell growth.

      • Subphases include G1 (cell growth), S (DNA synthesis), and G2 (preparation for mitosis).
    • Prophase: Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the mitotic spindle begins to form.

    • Prometaphase: Nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes.

    • Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's equator. The mitotic spindle connects to the chromosomes’ kinetochores.

    • Anaphase: Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles of the cell.

    • Telophase: Chromosomes de-condense, nuclear envelopes re-form around each set of chromosomes, resulting in two nuclei.

    Significance of Mitosis

    • Mitosis is essential for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms.
    • It supports asexual reproduction in some organisms.
    • Errors in mitosis can lead to conditions like cancer due to uncontrolled cell growth.
    • Cancer: Results from mutations during the cell cycle, leading to abnormal growth (benign or malignant tumors).

      • Metastasis: The spread of cancer cells beyond their original location via the circulatory system.
    • Mosaicism: A genetic condition where not all cells in an individual show the same DNA mutation; often due to non-disjunction during cell division.

      • Diseases linked to mosaicism include hemophilia and Marfan syndrome.

    Cell Division Insights

    • Rapidly dividing cells, such as human liver cells, can double in number within specific time frames (e.g., 1 to 32 cells in 50 hours).
    • Mathematical modeling can predict cell growth rates over time.

    Control of Cell Growth

    • Multicellular organisms control cell division to prevent errors, which may be caused by toxic substances, radiation, or viral infections.
    • Mutation results in permanent changes in DNA which can disrupt normal cell function.

    Key Terms and Concepts

    • Benign Tumor: A non-invasive mass of abnormal cells that does not spread.
    • Malignant Tumor: An invasive mass that spreads to neighboring tissues and affects normal organ function.
    • Non-disjunction: Failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division.

    Questions on Mitosis

    • Understanding key events during each stage of mitosis can aid in deeper comprehension of cell division.
    • Assessment questions help reinforce knowledge of the phases and processes within the cell cycle.

    Application of Mitosis Knowledge

    • Examples like HeLa cells demonstrate the practical application of mitosis in scientific research.
    • Real-world implications of cell cycle understanding include medical advancements in treating diseases arising from cellular dysfunction.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of the cell cycle, focusing on mitosis in this Grade 11 General Biology 1 module. This quiz aims to assess your understanding of the phases of mitosis and their significance in cellular reproduction.

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