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Questions and Answers
What is the process called when cancer cells spread via the circulatory system?
What is the process called when cancer cells spread via the circulatory system?
What condition describes when some cells have a mutation of a gene while others do not?
What condition describes when some cells have a mutation of a gene while others do not?
Which of the following diseases is linked to mosaicism?
Which of the following diseases is linked to mosaicism?
After 50 hours, how many cells will there be if the growth rate of rapidly dividing human liver cells is considered?
After 50 hours, how many cells will there be if the growth rate of rapidly dividing human liver cells is considered?
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How many copies of each chromosome will be present after 60 hours of mitotic division of a diploid cell?
How many copies of each chromosome will be present after 60 hours of mitotic division of a diploid cell?
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Which stage of the cell cycle involves the chromosomes failing to separate properly?
Which stage of the cell cycle involves the chromosomes failing to separate properly?
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The HeLa cell line is primarily utilized in scientific research due to its...
The HeLa cell line is primarily utilized in scientific research due to its...
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What major event occurs during prophase of mitosis?
What major event occurs during prophase of mitosis?
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What does Republic Act 8293, section 176 specify about copyright of government works?
What does Republic Act 8293, section 176 specify about copyright of government works?
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Who is listed as the Secretary in the module?
Who is listed as the Secretary in the module?
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Which role is not mentioned among the authors of the module?
Which role is not mentioned among the authors of the module?
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What is one of the responsibilities of the LRMDS Coordinator?
What is one of the responsibilities of the LRMDS Coordinator?
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Which of the following does not require prior permission for use according to Republic Act 8293?
Which of the following does not require prior permission for use according to Republic Act 8293?
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Who serves as the Chief Education Supervisor for the Regional Office 3?
Who serves as the Chief Education Supervisor for the Regional Office 3?
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What condition can a government agency impose for the exploitation of their work?
What condition can a government agency impose for the exploitation of their work?
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Which of the following is not a member of the Senior HS Module Development Team?
Which of the following is not a member of the Senior HS Module Development Team?
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What is the correct stage of mitosis during which sister chromatids are moving apart?
What is the correct stage of mitosis during which sister chromatids are moving apart?
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Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the formation of a new nuclear membrane?
Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the formation of a new nuclear membrane?
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What phase occurs when the chromosomes align at the cell's equator?
What phase occurs when the chromosomes align at the cell's equator?
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Which stage of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for DNA synthesis?
Which stage of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for DNA synthesis?
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During which mitotic phase do centrioles move towards opposite poles?
During which mitotic phase do centrioles move towards opposite poles?
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Which phase is known for the disassembly of the mitotic spindle?
Which phase is known for the disassembly of the mitotic spindle?
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What is the primary function of the mitotic spindle during mitosis?
What is the primary function of the mitotic spindle during mitosis?
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Identifying errors in the cell cycle can lead to understanding which type of issues?
Identifying errors in the cell cycle can lead to understanding which type of issues?
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What is the lifespan of red blood cells in the human body?
What is the lifespan of red blood cells in the human body?
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Where are replacement red blood cells produced?
Where are replacement red blood cells produced?
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What causes mutations that can disrupt the mitotic process?
What causes mutations that can disrupt the mitotic process?
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What are benign tumors characterized by?
What are benign tumors characterized by?
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How are malignant tumors different from benign tumors?
How are malignant tumors different from benign tumors?
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How many red blood cells are present in approximately 5 liters of blood if there are 5 million red blood cells per cubic millimeter?
How many red blood cells are present in approximately 5 liters of blood if there are 5 million red blood cells per cubic millimeter?
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What happens to cell division during the healing process of wounds?
What happens to cell division during the healing process of wounds?
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What occurs as a result of errors in mitosis?
What occurs as a result of errors in mitosis?
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During which stage of the cell cycle are chromosomes duplicated?
During which stage of the cell cycle are chromosomes duplicated?
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Which of the following events does NOT occur during some stages of interphase?
Which of the following events does NOT occur during some stages of interphase?
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From which cell structure do mitotic spindles arise?
From which cell structure do mitotic spindles arise?
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In which stage of mitosis do mitotic spindle fibers attach to kinetochores?
In which stage of mitosis do mitotic spindle fibers attach to kinetochores?
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Which stage of mitosis involves the unpacking of chromosomes and formation of a new nuclear envelope?
Which stage of mitosis involves the unpacking of chromosomes and formation of a new nuclear envelope?
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What is the primary function of mitotic spindles during mitosis?
What is the primary function of mitotic spindles during mitosis?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of metaphase?
Which of the following is a characteristic of metaphase?
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What occurs during G1 phase of the cell cycle?
What occurs during G1 phase of the cell cycle?
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Study Notes
Cell Cycle: Mitosis Overview
- Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with identical genetic material.
- The original cell is diploid (2n), meaning it contains two sets of chromosomes.
- Understanding of the cell cycle is foundational for biology, as it describes how cells grow and divide.
Stages of Mitosis
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Interphase: The preparatory phase before mitosis that involves DNA replication and cell growth.
- Subphases include G1 (cell growth), S (DNA synthesis), and G2 (preparation for mitosis).
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Prophase: Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the mitotic spindle begins to form.
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Prometaphase: Nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes.
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Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's equator. The mitotic spindle connects to the chromosomes’ kinetochores.
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Anaphase: Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles of the cell.
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Telophase: Chromosomes de-condense, nuclear envelopes re-form around each set of chromosomes, resulting in two nuclei.
Significance of Mitosis
- Mitosis is essential for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms.
- It supports asexual reproduction in some organisms.
- Errors in mitosis can lead to conditions like cancer due to uncontrolled cell growth.
Disorders and Diseases Related to Mitosis
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Cancer: Results from mutations during the cell cycle, leading to abnormal growth (benign or malignant tumors).
- Metastasis: The spread of cancer cells beyond their original location via the circulatory system.
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Mosaicism: A genetic condition where not all cells in an individual show the same DNA mutation; often due to non-disjunction during cell division.
- Diseases linked to mosaicism include hemophilia and Marfan syndrome.
Cell Division Insights
- Rapidly dividing cells, such as human liver cells, can double in number within specific time frames (e.g., 1 to 32 cells in 50 hours).
- Mathematical modeling can predict cell growth rates over time.
Control of Cell Growth
- Multicellular organisms control cell division to prevent errors, which may be caused by toxic substances, radiation, or viral infections.
- Mutation results in permanent changes in DNA which can disrupt normal cell function.
Key Terms and Concepts
- Benign Tumor: A non-invasive mass of abnormal cells that does not spread.
- Malignant Tumor: An invasive mass that spreads to neighboring tissues and affects normal organ function.
- Non-disjunction: Failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division.
Questions on Mitosis
- Understanding key events during each stage of mitosis can aid in deeper comprehension of cell division.
- Assessment questions help reinforce knowledge of the phases and processes within the cell cycle.
Application of Mitosis Knowledge
- Examples like HeLa cells demonstrate the practical application of mitosis in scientific research.
- Real-world implications of cell cycle understanding include medical advancements in treating diseases arising from cellular dysfunction.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of the cell cycle, focusing on mitosis in this Grade 11 General Biology 1 module. This quiz aims to assess your understanding of the phases of mitosis and their significance in cellular reproduction.
