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Questions and Answers
Match the following gastrointestinal root words with their meanings:
abdomin/o = abdomen amyl/o = starch appendic/o = appendix chol/e = gall, bile esophag/o = esophagus gingiv/o = gums
What does the root word 'duoden/o' refer to?
What does the suffix '-ectomy' mean?
surgical removal
The prefix '-dys' means 'good'.
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What is the condition characterized by the inability to swallow?
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Cholelithiasis refers to the condition of having _____.
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What does the term 'ascites' mean?
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Which term refers to the mouth?
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Study Notes
Gastrointestinal Root Words
- -abdomin/o: Abdomen
- amyl/o: Starch
- -antr/o: Relationship to an antrum
- appendic/o: Appendix
- ase-: Enzyme
- bilirubin/o: Bilirubin
- celi/o: Belly, abdomen
- cheiol/o: Saliva
- chol/e, bil/i: Gall, bile
- cholecyst/o: Gallbladder
- choledoch/o: Common bile duct
- col/o, colon/o: Colon
- dent/o, odont/o: Teeth
- duoden/o: Duodenum
- enter/o: Small intestine
- esophag/o: Esophagus
- gastr/o: Stomach
- gingiv/o: Gums
- -gloss/o: Tongue
- gluc/o, glyc/o: Sugar
- glycogen/o: Glycogen, animal starch
- hepat/o: Liver
- ile/o: Ileum
- iasis-: Abnormal condition
- jejun/o: Jejunum
- labi/o, cheil/o: Lip
- lingu/o, gloss/o: Tongue
- lip/o, steat/o: Fat, Lipids
- or/o: Mouth, oral
- palat/o: Palate
- pancreat/o: Pancreas
- peritone/o: Peritoneum
- pharyng/o: Pharynx, throat
- -polyp: A tumor with a pedicle, meaning "many footed"
- prandial-: Meal
- proct/o: Anus, rectum
- pylor/o: Pylorus
- rect/o: Rectum
- sial/o: Saliva
- sialladen/o: Salivary gland
- sigmoid/o: Sigmoid colon
- spleen/o: Spleen
- stomat/o: Mouth
- submaxill/o: Lower jaw
- tonsill/o: Tonsil
Common Gastrointestinal Prefixes and Suffixes
- -dys: Bad, difficult, painful
- -re: Back
- -retro: Backward, back
- -sub: Under, below
- ase-: Enzyme
- clysis-: Irrigation, washing
- ectomy-: Surgical removal
- flux-: Flow
- gram-: Record
- iasis-: Abnormal condition
- ist-: A specialist
- itis-: Inflammation
- lithiasis-: Calculus or stone
- lytic-: Destruction or breakdown
Common Gastrointestinal Terms
- megaly-: Enlargement
- orrhaphy-: Surgical fixation or suturing
- ostomy-: Creation of an artificial opening
- plasty-: Repair
- plegia-: Eating, swallowing
- prandal-: Meal
- rrhaphy-: Suturing in place
- scope-: Instrument for examining
- spasm-: Sudden involuntary muscle contraction
Common Gastrointestinal Conditions
- Anorexia: Lack of appetite
- Anorexia nervosa: Psychiatric disorder; an abnormal fear of becoming obese
- Aphagia: Inability to swallow
- Aphthous stomatitis: Canker sores in the mouth
- Ascites: Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity caused by cirrhosis, tumors, and infection
- Borborygmus: Rumbling, gurgling sound made by moving of gas in the intestine
- Bruxism: Grinding the teeth involuntarily, often while sleeping
- Cathartic: Strong laxative
- Cholelithiasis: Condition of having gallstones
- Cleft palate: Congenital split in the roof of the mouth or upper lip
- Constipation: Difficult or delayed defecation caused by low peristalsis movement, by over-absorption of water as its contents sit too long in the intestine, or by dehydration
- Dental carries: Cavities in the teeth (caries means “decay”)
- Diarrhea: Frequent discharge of liquid stool (fe..
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Description
Test your knowledge of gastrointestinal root words with this quiz. Explore the meanings and relationships of various medical prefixes and suffixes related to the digestive system. Perfect for students in medical terminology or health sciences!
