Digestive System Medical Terminology PDF

Chapter-7 Digestive System  Digestive System Medical Terminology Gastrointestinal root words Root Word What it means Combining( )forms -abdomin/o abdomen amyl/o starch -antr/o rela...

Chapter-7 Digestive System  Digestive System Medical Terminology Gastrointestinal root words Root Word What it means Combining( )forms -abdomin/o abdomen amyl/o starch -antr/o relationship to an antrum appendic/o appendix ase- enzyme bilirubin/o bilirubin  Digestive System Medical Terminology Gastrointestinal root words Root Word What it means Combining( )forms celi/o belly, abdomen cheiol/o saliva chol/e, bil/i gall, bile cholecyst/o gallbladder choledoch/o common bile duct col/o, colon/o colon dent/o, odont/o teeth Digestive System Medical Terminology Root Word What it means )Combining forms( duoden/o duodenum enter/o small intestine esophag/o esophagus gastr/o stomach gingiv/o gums -gloss/o tongue gluc/o, glyc/o sugar glycogen/o glycogen, animal starch Digestive System Medical Terminology Root Word What it means )Combining forms( hepat/o liver ile/o ileum iasis- abnormal condition jejun/o jejunum labi/o, cheil/o lip lingu/o, gloss/o tongue lip/o, steat/o fat, lipids or/o mouth, oral Digestive System Medical Terminology What it means Root Word )Combining forms( palat/o palate pancreat/o pancreas peritone/o peritoneum pharyng/o pharynx, throat -polyp a tumor with a pedicle )many footed( prandial- meal proct/o anus, rectum pylor/o pylorus rect/o rectum Digestive System Medical Terminology What it means Root Word )Combining forms( sial/o saliva sialladen/o salivary gland sigmoid/o sigmoid colon spleen/o spleen stomat/o mouth submaxill/o lower jaw tonsill/o tonsil Common Gastrointestinal prefixes and suffixes Prefix What it means -dys bad, difficult, painful -re back -retro backward, back -sub under, below Common Gastrointestinal prefixes and suffixes Suffix What it means ase- enzyme clysis- irrigation, washing ectomy- surgical removal flux- flow gram- record iasis- abnormal condition ist- a specialist it is- inflammation lithiasis- calculus or stone lytic- destruction or breakdown  Meaning Terms enlargement megaly- surgical fixation or suturing orrhaphy- creation of an artificial opening ostomy- repair plasty- eating, swallowing plegia- meal prandal- Suturing in place rrhaphy- instrument for examining scope- sudden involuntary muscle spasm- contraction  Common Gastrointestinal Conditions What it means Conditions Lack of appetite Anorexia Psychiatric disorder; an abnormal fear of Anorexia nervosa becoming obese Inability to swallow Aphagia Canker sores in the mouth Aphthous stomatitis Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the Ascites peritoneal cavity caused by cirrhosis, tumors, and infection Rumbling, gurgling sound made by moving of Borborygmus gas in the intestine Grinding the teeth involuntarily, often while Bruxism sleeping  What it means Conditions Strong laxative Cathartic Condition of having gallstones Cholelithiasis Congenital split in the roof of the mouth or upper Cleft palate lip Difficult or delayed defecation caused by low Constipation peristalsis movement, by over-absorption of water as its contents sit too long in the intestine, or by dehydration Cavities in the teeth (caries means “decay”) Dental caries Frequent discharge of liquid stool (feces) Diarrhea Abnormal side pockets in hollow structures such as Diverticula the intestines, sigmoid colon, and duodenum Ulcer in the duodenum Duodenal ulcer Difficult digestion Dyspepsia Difficulty swallowing Dysphagia  What it means Conditions Lesion on the wall of the stomach (peptic Gastric ulcer ulcer) Inflammation of the stomach Gastritis Pain in the stomach Gastrodynia Inflammation of the gums Gingivitis Burning sensation caused by reflux or flowing Heartburn back of acid from the stomach into the esophagus Vomiting blood Hematemesis Swollen or twisted veins either outside or just Hemorrhoids inside the anus Tumor of the liver Hepatoma Enlargement of the liver Hepatomegaly A protrusion of an organ or part of an organ Hernia through the wall of the cavity that contains it  Gastrointestinal Disease and Pathology What it means Disease/Pathology An abnormal tube-like passageway near the Anal fistula anus communicating with the rectum Psychiatric condition involving self-deprivation Anorexia of food, lack of appetite, and pathological weight loss Psychiatric disorder – an abnormal fear of Anorexia nervosa becoming obese Inflammation of the gallbladder Cholecystitis Scarring of the liver parenchyma, or Cirrhosis tissue, due to damage from alcohol, drugs, and viruses like hepatitis