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Gastrointestinal and Urologic Emergencies
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Gastrointestinal and Urologic Emergencies

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Questions and Answers

A 60-year-old female presents with a tearing sensation in her lower back. Her skin is sweaty, and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:

  • Kidney stones
  • Aortic aneurysm (correct)
  • Acute pancreatitis
  • Strangulated hernia

    • A strangulated hernia is one that:

  • Spontaneously reduces without any surgical intervention
  • Can't be pushed back into the body cavity to which it belongs
  • Is reducible if surgical intervention occurs within 2 hours
  • Loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues (correct)

    • Chronic renal failure is a condition that:

  • Occurs from conditions such as dehydration
  • Is often caused by hypertension or diabetes (correct)
  • Causes dehydration from excessive urination
  • Can be reversed with prompt treatment

    • Erosion of the protective layer of the stomach or duodenum secondary to overactivity of digestive juices results in:

    <p>An ulcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Esophageal varices MOST commonly occur in patients who:

    <p>Consume a lot of alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to:

    <p>Lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body, such as the back or shoulder, is called:

    <p>Referred pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pain that radiates to the right lower quadrant of the umbilical area, nausea and vomiting, and lack of appetite are most indicative of:

    <p>Appendicitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Solid abdominal organs include the:

    <p>Spleen, kidneys, and pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by:

    <p>Removing sodium and water from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common and significant complication associated with an acute abdomen is:

    <p>Peritonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The parietal peritoneum lines the:

    <p>Walls of the abdominal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The principal symptom in both infectious and non-infectious gastroenteritis is:

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is more common in women than men?

    <p>Cystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is characteristic of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

    <p>Burning or gnawing stomach pain that subsides immediately after eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs assist in the filtration of blood, serve as a blood reservoir, and produce antibodies?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs would most likely bleed profusely if injured?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct?

    <p>The initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Your patient's past medical history includes hypertension, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and seizures. Today, he presents with signs of acute renal failure. Which of his medical problems most likely caused this?

    <p>Heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peritonitis may result in shock because:

    <p>Fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pain that is localized to the lower back and/or lower abdominal quadrants is most suggestive of:

    <p>An aortic aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients with acute abdominal pain should not be given anything to eat or drink because:

    <p>Substances in the stomach increase the risk of aspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 29-year-old pregnant woman has had severe vomiting for the last 2 days. Today, she is vomiting large amounts of blood. Her skin is cool and pale, and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:

    <p>Mallory-Weiss tear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding gastrointestinal bleeding is correct?

    <p>Bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract is a symptom of another disease, not a disease itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 30-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. Her skin is cool, pale, and clammy; her heart rate is 120 beats/minute and weak; and her blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg. Your most immediate action should be to:

    <p>Protect her airway from aspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peristalsis is rhythmic muscle contractions of the digestive tract which propel food and digestive products.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the spleen do?

    <p>Lymphatic system organ that filters and stores blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As the filtrate passes through the rest of the nephron, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion convert it to:

    <p>urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs would MOST likely result in:

    <p>Peptic ulcer disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a solid organ?

    <p>spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following part of the male anatomy only?

    <p>The prostate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor in peptic ulcer disease in older adults?

    <p>Increased use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pain that radiates to the right lower quadrant from the umbilical area, nausea and vomiting, and anorexia are MOST indicative of:

    <p>appendicitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Esophageal varices never happen in patients who consume a lot of alcohol.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the presence of ileus, the only way the stomach can empty itself is by:

    <p>vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is more common in women than men?

    <p>cystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs will most likely bleed profusely if injured?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?

    <p>gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A strangulated hernia is one that:

    <p>loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:

    <p>provide emotional support en route to the hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct?

    <p>Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by:

    <p>removing sodium, and thus water, from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following should be addressed during the primary assessment except:

    <p>Capillary bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ecchymosis

    <p>bruising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gastrointestinal and Urologic Emergencies

    • A 60-year-old female with a tearing sensation in her lower back, sweating, and tachycardia likely has an aortic aneurysm.

    • A strangulated hernia loses blood supply due to compression by surrounding tissues, making it a medical emergency.

    • Chronic renal failure is often caused by hypertension or diabetes and is not typically reversible without intervention.

    • Erosion of the stomach or duodenum protective layer due to digestive juices results in ulcers.

    • Esophageal varices commonly occur in patients with excessive alcohol consumption, leading to potential life-threatening bleeding.

    • Patients with abdominal pain often find relief by lying on their side with knees drawn into the abdomen.

    • Referred pain is when pain is perceived at a distant body site, rather than at the source.

    • Pain radiating to the right lower quadrant, along with nausea and vomiting, strongly indicates appendicitis.

    • Solid abdominal organs include the spleen, kidneys, and pancreas, which play critical roles in bodily functions.

    • Kidneys help regulate blood pressure by removing sodium and water, influencing fluid balance.

    • Peritonitis is a significant complication of an acute abdomen that can lead to systemic shock due to fluid shifts.

    • The parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity walls, providing structural support to the abdominal contents.

    • Diarrhea is the principal symptom in both infectious and non-infectious gastroenteritis cases.

    • Cystitis is more common in women than men, often related to urinary tract factors.

    • Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is characterized by burning or gnawing stomach pain that subsides after eating.

    • The spleen filters blood, stores it, and produces antibodies, making it integral to the lymphatic system.

    • The pancreas is located in the retroperitoneal space, giving support and protection to abdominal organs.

    • The liver is the organ most likely to bleed profusely when injured due to its extensive blood supply.

    • Acute abdomen typically presents with initial vague pain, which can complicate diagnosis.

    • In patients with a history of hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, and presenting acute renal failure, heart failure is the likely cause.

    • Peritonitis may lead to shock as it causes fluid to shift from blood vessels into surrounding tissues.

    • Pain localized to the lower back and/or lower abdominal quadrants is suggestive of an aortic aneurysm.

    • Patients with acute abdominal pain should avoid food or drink due to the risk of aspiration.

    • Severe vomiting with blood in a pregnant woman may indicate a Mallory-Weiss tear, requiring immediate attention.

    • Gastrointestinal bleeding is a symptom of an underlying disease rather than an independent condition.

    • Protecting the airway is critical for patients presenting with severe upper abdominal pain, especially if they are at risk of aspiration.

    • Peristalsis involves rhythmic muscle contractions in the digestive tract that propel content through.

    • Chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can lead to peptic ulcer disease.

    • Women are more likely to experience cystitis compared to men due to anatomical differences.

    • Both the kidney and liver perform vital filtration and blood regulation functions, crucial for homeostasis.

    • Patients with missed dialysis treatments commonly exhibit weakness as a result of accumulated toxins in the bloodstream.

    • Emotional support is crucial while transporting patients with severe abdominal pain to reduce anxiety and provide comfort.

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    Description

    This quiz covers critical concepts in gastrointestinal and urologic emergencies, including aortic aneurysms, strangulated hernias, and appendicitis. It explores causes and symptoms related to abdominal pain and complications from chronic conditions. Test your understanding of these medical emergencies and their implications.

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