65 Questions
Which ligament reinforces the anterior joint capsule of the hip?
Iliofemoral ligament
Which muscle group attaches at the lesser trochanter of the femur?
Iliopsoas group
Which nerve innervates the muscles of the femoral triangle?
Femoral nerve
Which artery is most important for the blood supply to the femoral head?
Medial femoral circumflex arteries
Which joint forms the posterior border of the pelvis?
Sacroiliac joint
What is assessed in the functional assessment of the hip?
Angle of torsion and angle of inclination
Which test is used to assess hip flexibility and identify specific pathologies?
Thomas Test
What are common degenerative conditions in the hip?
Arthritis, osteochondral dessicans, avascular necrosis, and hip OA
What tools are used in clinical evaluation to assess posture and muscle balance?
Plumb lines, goniometer, and inclinometer
What can cause muscle imbalances in the hip?
Nerve issues, pain, or joint problems
What are the main phases of walking gait?
Stance (WB) and swing (NWB)
What are the characteristics of efficient gait?
Minimal side-to-side motion, maximal forward motion, and a sinusoidal curve of the center of gravity
How does running gait differ from walking gait?
In flight phase, limb support, and ground reaction forces
What interventions can be used for gait deviations?
Guided cue words, strength training, flexibility exercises, and different shoes
What can cause asymmetrical arm swing?
Upper extremity injury, leg length discrepancies, or spine dysfunction
Which muscle group is responsible for hip hyperextension?
Gluteus maximus
Which ligament serves as a conduit for the passage of an artery in the hip joint?
Ligamentum teres
Which nerve innervates the muscles of the femoral triangle?
Femoral nerve
Which artery is most important for the blood supply to the femoral head?
Medial femoral circumflex arteries
Which joint forms the posterior border of the pelvis?
Sacroiliac joint
What are the main phases of running gait?
Loading response, mid-stance, terminal stance, pre-swing, initial swing, mid swing, terminal swing
What can cause excessive and inadequate knee flexion at initial contact during running?
Pathologies and injuries
What can cause asymmetrical arm swing?
Leg length discrepancies
What is important to assess in cases of unequal hip/pelvic positions?
Lumbo-pelvic-hip complex
What interventions can be used for gait deviations?
Guided cue words, strength training, flexibility exercises, and different shoes
What is assessed in joint and muscle function assessment of the hip?
Range of motion and manual muscle testing for various hip movements
Which test is used to assess hip flexibility and identify specific pathologies?
Thomas Test
What are common degenerative conditions in the hip?
Arthritis, osteochondral dessicans, avascular necrosis, and hip OA
What tools are used in clinical evaluation to assess posture and muscle balance?
Plumb lines, goniometer, and inclinometer
What can cause muscle imbalances in the hip?
Nerve issues, pain, or joint problems
Which ligament reinforces the anterior joint capsule of the hip?
Iliofemoral ligament
Which nerve innervates the muscles of the femoral triangle?
Femoral nerve
Which artery is most important for the blood supply to the femoral head?
Medial femoral circumflex arteries
Which muscle group is responsible for hip hyperextension?
Gluteus maximus
Which joint forms the posterior border of the pelvis?
Sacroiliac joint
What can cause asymmetrical arm swing during gait?
All of the above
What interventions can be used for gait deviations?
All of the above
What is important to assess in cases of unequal hip/pelvic positions?
Lumbo-pelvic-hip complex
What can cause excessive and inadequate plantar flexion at the ankle?
Various pathologies and injuries
What are the differences between running gait and walking gait?
All of the above
Which of the following pathologies involves the abnormal growth of bone in soft tissue around the hip joint?
Heterotopic ossification
Which test is used to assess hip flexibility and identify specific pathologies related to the hip joint?
Thomas Test
What is the primary cause of labral tears in the hip joint?
Femoral acetabular impingement
Which condition in the hip is characterized by the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply?
Avascular necrosis
Which tool is commonly used in clinical evaluation to assess posture and muscle balance in the hip?
Plumb lines
Which ligament reinforces the anterior joint capsule of the hip and has fibers responsible for hyperextension?
Iliofemoral ligament
Which muscle group is responsible for hip hyperextension and attaches at the lesser trochanter of the femur?
Iliopsoas group
Which nerve innervates the muscles of the femoral triangle?
Femoral nerve (L2-4)
Which artery is most important for the blood supply to the femoral head?
Medial femoral circumflex arteries
Which joint forms the posterior border of the pelvis?
Sacroiliac joint
Which ligament serves as a conduit for the passage of an artery in the hip joint?
Ligamentum teres (fovea centralis)
Which test is used to assess hip flexibility and identify specific pathologies related to the hip joint?
Thomas Test
Which condition in the hip is characterized by the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply?
Avascular necrosis
What tools are used in clinical evaluation to assess posture and muscle balance in the hip?
Plumb lines and goniometer
What are common degenerative conditions in the hip?
Arthritis, osteochondral dessicans
Which muscle imbalances in the hip can be caused by nerve issues, pain, or joint problems?
Postural and phasic muscles
Which test can be used to assess hip labral tears due to factors like hip dislocations and femoral acetabular impingement?
FADIR
What is a characteristic of efficient gait?
Minimal side-to-side motion and maximal forward motion
What can cause asymmetrical arm swing during gait?
Upper extremity injury, leg length discrepancies, or spine dysfunction
What can cause excessive and inadequate plantar flexion at the ankle?
Various pathologies and injuries
What is important to assess in cases of unequal hip/pelvic positions?
Lumbo-pelvic-hip complex
What can cause leg stiffness affecting efficiency and ground reaction forces?
Bony or soft tissue injuries
What can cause inadequate knee flexion at initial contact during running?
Various pathologies and injuries
What interventions can be used for gait deviations?
Guided cue words, strength training, flexibility exercises, and different shoes
What are the phases of running gait?
Stance (WB) and swing (NWB)
Study Notes
Gait Analysis and Deviations Summary
- Gait analysis involves quantitative and qualitative measurements and visual analysis.
- Walking phases include stance (WB) and swing (NWB), each with sub-phases.
- Efficient gait characteristics include minimal side-to-side motion, maximal forward motion, and a sinusoidal curve of the center of gravity.
- Running phases involve stance (WB) and swing (NWB), with different joint movements and ground reaction forces.
- Running gait differs from walking gait in flight phase, limb support, and ground reaction forces.
- Interventions for gait deviations include guided cue words, strength training, flexibility exercises, and different shoes.
- Gait deviations and malalignments include retroversion (toe out), anteversion (toe in), shortened step length, and inadequate push off and pull.
- Asymmetrical arm swing can be caused by upper extremity injury, leg length discrepancies, or spine dysfunction.
- Excessive and inadequate plantar flexion at the ankle can be caused by various pathologies and injuries.
- Assessing the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex is important in cases of unequal hip/pelvic positions.
- Leg stiffness can be caused by bony or soft tissue injuries, affecting efficiency and ground reaction forces.
- Excessive and inadequate knee flexion at initial contact during running can be caused by various pathologies and injuries.
Hip Assessment and Pathologies
- Functional assessment includes angle of torsion and angle of inclination to assess hip alignment
- Palpation involves locating key structures in the hip including muscles and bony landmarks
- Joint and muscle function assessment includes range of motion and manual muscle testing for various hip movements
- Various tests such as Thomas Test, FADIR, and Ober’s test are used to assess hip flexibility and identify specific pathologies
- Common pathologies include piriformis syndrome, muscle strains, quad contusion, and risk of heterotopic ossification
- Other pathologies involve acetabulum and femoral deformities, SCFE, Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease, CAM deformity, and femoral neck stress fractures
- Degenerative conditions such as arthritis, osteochondral dessicans, avascular necrosis, and hip OA are also common in the hip
- Labral tears can occur due to various factors including hip dislocations, repeated subluxations, and femoral acetabular impingement
- Athletic pubalgia, snapping hip syndrome, bursitis, hip dislocation, and femoral fractures are also part of hip pathologies
- Clinical evaluation includes tools such as plumb lines, goniometer, and inclinometer to assess posture and muscle balance
- Postural deviations are categorized as mild, moderate, or severe, and are assessed in standing, sitting, and dynamic positions
- Muscle imbalances can be caused by nerve issues, pain, or joint problems, and involve both postural and phasic muscles
Hip Assessment and Pathologies
- Functional assessment includes angle of torsion and angle of inclination to assess hip alignment
- Palpation involves locating key structures in the hip including muscles and bony landmarks
- Joint and muscle function assessment includes range of motion and manual muscle testing for various hip movements
- Various tests such as Thomas Test, FADIR, and Ober’s test are used to assess hip flexibility and identify specific pathologies
- Common pathologies include piriformis syndrome, muscle strains, quad contusion, and risk of heterotopic ossification
- Other pathologies involve acetabulum and femoral deformities, SCFE, Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease, CAM deformity, and femoral neck stress fractures
- Degenerative conditions such as arthritis, osteochondral dessicans, avascular necrosis, and hip OA are also common in the hip
- Labral tears can occur due to various factors including hip dislocations, repeated subluxations, and femoral acetabular impingement
- Athletic pubalgia, snapping hip syndrome, bursitis, hip dislocation, and femoral fractures are also part of hip pathologies
- Clinical evaluation includes tools such as plumb lines, goniometer, and inclinometer to assess posture and muscle balance
- Postural deviations are categorized as mild, moderate, or severe, and are assessed in standing, sitting, and dynamic positions
- Muscle imbalances can be caused by nerve issues, pain, or joint problems, and involve both postural and phasic muscles
Gait Analysis and Deviations Summary
- Gait analysis involves quantitative and qualitative measurements and visual analysis.
- Walking phases include stance (WB) and swing (NWB), each with sub-phases.
- Efficient gait characteristics include minimal side-to-side motion, maximal forward motion, and a sinusoidal curve of the center of gravity.
- Running phases involve stance (WB) and swing (NWB), with different joint movements and ground reaction forces.
- Running gait differs from walking gait in flight phase, limb support, and ground reaction forces.
- Interventions for gait deviations include guided cue words, strength training, flexibility exercises, and different shoes.
- Gait deviations and malalignments include retroversion (toe out), anteversion (toe in), shortened step length, and inadequate push off and pull.
- Asymmetrical arm swing can be caused by upper extremity injury, leg length discrepancies, or spine dysfunction.
- Excessive and inadequate plantar flexion at the ankle can be caused by various pathologies and injuries.
- Assessing the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex is important in cases of unequal hip/pelvic positions.
- Leg stiffness can be caused by bony or soft tissue injuries, affecting efficiency and ground reaction forces.
- Excessive and inadequate knee flexion at initial contact during running can be caused by various pathologies and injuries.
Test your knowledge of gait analysis and deviations with this quiz. Explore topics such as walking and running phases, interventions for gait deviations, malalignments, causes of asymmetrical arm swing, ankle plantar flexion, lumbo-pelvic-hip complex assessment, leg stiffness, and knee flexion during running.
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