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Gabapentin and Phenytoin Quiz
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Gabapentin and Phenytoin Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which medication is used for tonic–clonic seizures and to prevent seizure activity in patients during and following neurosurgery and brain injury?

  • Lamotrigine
  • Carbamazepine
  • Phenytoin (correct)
  • Gabapentin

    • Which medication's common adverse effects include CNS depression, dizziness, somnolence, insomnia, and ataxia?

  • Gabapentin (correct)
  • Topiramate
  • Phenytoin
  • Valproic acid

    • Which medication has contraindications related to known hypersensitivity to the medication and known hypersensitivity to the hydantoins, seizures related to hypoglycemia, sinus bradycardia, heart block, and Stokes-Adams syndrome?

  • Phenytoin (correct)
  • Gabapentin
  • Oxcarbazepine
  • Pregabalin

    • Which medication's nursing assessment includes monitoring for absence of partial seizures and changes in mood and personality?

    <p>Gabapentin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication's IV administration can result in cardiovascular collapse, requiring close monitoring of cardiovascular status?

    <p>Phenytoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication requires caution in older adults and patients with renal or hepatic impairment?

    <p>Phenytoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication's interactions include antacids and Ginkgo biloba affecting absorption?

    <p>Gabapentin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication's interactions include corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, and nisoldipine, as well as decreased absorption of folic acid, calcium, and vitamin D?

    <p>Phenytoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can be taken orally with food to prevent GI upset?

    <p>Gabapentin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication's nursing assessment includes monitoring for absence of tonic–clonic and psychomotor seizures, skin eruption indicative of hypersensitivity reaction, and cardiovascular collapse with IV administration?

    <p>Phenytoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication stabilizes neuronal membrane by delaying sodium influx?

    <p>Phenytoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has increased risk of osteoporosis as a common adverse effect?

    <p>Phenytoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of gabapentin?

    <p>Treatment of partial seizures and postherpetic neuralgia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does gabapentin metabolism occur?

    <p>In the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the peak time for gabapentin?

    <p>1 hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does gabapentin exert its antiepileptic action?

    <p>By inhibiting postsynaptic responses and blocking posttetanic potentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage of gabapentin for a patient with CrCl of 40 mL/min?

    <p>200 to 700 mg twice daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the off-label use of gabapentin?

    <p>Alcohol withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does gabapentin bind in the body?

    <p>Sites in the brain with high affinity for gabapentin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range for reduced daily dose in proportion to CrCl for a patient with CrCl < 15 mL/min?

    <p>Reduce dose by half [range: 50 to 150 mg/d]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of gabapentin on breast milk?

    <p>It may enter the breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gabapentin structurally related to?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of gabapentin in patients with impaired renal function?

    <p>Dosage adjustment based on their CrCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of gabapentin in patients with hepatic impairment?

    <p>Dosage adjustment based on their hepatic function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of gabapentin?

    <p>Treatment of partial seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does gabapentin metabolism occur?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of gabapentin on breast milk?

    <p>It may enter the breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range for reduced daily dose in proportion to CrCl for a patient with CrCl < 15 mL/min?

    <p>Reduce dose by 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gabapentin structurally related to?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does gabapentin bind in the body?

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the peak time for gabapentin?

    <p>1 hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does metabolism of gabapentin occur?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of gabapentin related to its antiepileptic effect?

    <p>Inhibiting postsynaptic responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which condition was gabapentin initially approved by the FDA?

    <p>Partial seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with renal impairment, what is the recommended dosage adjustment for a creatinine clearance (CrCl) of 15 mL/min?

    <p>100 to 300 mg once daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some off-label uses of gabapentin?

    <p>Alcohol withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does gabapentin enter the body of a breastfeeding mother?

    <p>Excreted in breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gabapentin's relationship to GABA?

    <p>Structurally related to GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For patients with impaired renal function and a CrCl of 60 mL/min, what is the recommended dosage of gabapentin?

    <p>30 to 1200 mg three times per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with hepatic impairment, what dosage adjustment is required?

    <p>Reduce dose by half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of gabapentin as an adjunctive treatment?

    <p>Partial seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of gabapentin for which the FDA approved it in May of 2002?

    <p>Postherpetic neuralgia pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Antiepileptic Medications: Gabapentin and Phenytoin

    • Gabapentin: common adverse effects include CNS depression, dizziness, somnolence, insomnia, and ataxia
    • Gabapentin: contraindications include known hypersensitivity to the medication
    • Gabapentin: interactions with antacids and Ginkgo biloba affect absorption
    • Gabapentin: administered orally, can be taken with food to prevent GI upset
    • Gabapentin: nursing assessment includes monitoring for absence of partial seizures and changes in mood and personality
    • Phenytoin: stabilizes neuronal membrane by delaying sodium influx, used for tonic–clonic seizures and to prevent seizure activity in patients during and following neurosurgery and brain injury
    • Phenytoin: caution required in older adults and patients with renal or hepatic impairment
    • Phenytoin: IV administration can result in cardiovascular collapse, requires close monitoring of cardiovascular status
    • Phenytoin: common adverse effects include CNS and GI effects, gingival hyperplasia, and increased risk of osteoporosis
    • Phenytoin: contraindications include known hypersensitivity to the hydantoins, seizures related to hypoglycemia, sinus bradycardia, heart block, and Stokes-Adams syndrome
    • Phenytoin: interactions with corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, and nisoldipine, as well as decreased absorption of folic acid, calcium, and vitamin D
    • Phenytoin: nursing assessment includes monitoring for absence of tonic–clonic and psychomotor seizures, skin eruption indicative of hypersensitivity reaction, and cardiovascular collapse with IV administration

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of antiepileptic medications with this quiz on Gabapentin and Phenytoin. Learn about their adverse effects, contraindications, drug interactions, administration, and nursing assessments.

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