Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of patients with seizures do medications control, if properly prescribed and taken?
What percentage of patients with seizures do medications control, if properly prescribed and taken?
- 70% to 80% (correct)
- 50% to 60%
- 30% to 40%
- 90% to 100%
Why are medications selected for controlling seizures based on the type of seizure being treated?
Why are medications selected for controlling seizures based on the type of seizure being treated?
- To match the medication's mechanism of action with the type of seizure (correct)
- To make the treatment process complex
- To ensure longer treatment duration
- To increase the cost of treatment
When might changing to another medication be necessary for seizure control?
When might changing to another medication be necessary for seizure control?
- If the patient prefers it
- If the medication is popular
- If seizure control is not achieved or if toxicity makes it impossible to increase the dosage (correct)
- If the medication is too cheap
What factors may necessitate the adjustment of seizure medication?
What factors may necessitate the adjustment of seizure medication?
What are the three categories of anticonvulsant medication side effects?
What are the three categories of anticonvulsant medication side effects?
What can long-term use of phenytoin lead to?
What can long-term use of phenytoin lead to?
What is the half-life of phenobarbital?
What is the half-life of phenobarbital?
What type of seizures is phenobarbital used for?
What type of seizures is phenobarbital used for?
Who may experience greater sedation from phenobarbital due to altered absorption and excretion?
Who may experience greater sedation from phenobarbital due to altered absorption and excretion?
What are the adverse effects of phenobarbital?
What are the adverse effects of phenobarbital?
How does phenobarbital depress the central nervous system?
How does phenobarbital depress the central nervous system?
What is the route of absorption for phenobarbital?
What is the route of absorption for phenobarbital?
How long does it take for phenobarbital to reach therapeutic serum levels?
How long does it take for phenobarbital to reach therapeutic serum levels?
Who may require lower doses of phenobarbital?
Who may require lower doses of phenobarbital?
What is the primary use of phenobarbital?
What is the primary use of phenobarbital?
What is the effect of phenobarbital on impulse conduction?
What is the effect of phenobarbital on impulse conduction?
What is a key consideration for the administration of IV diazepam?
What is a key consideration for the administration of IV diazepam?
For which conditions is gabapentin approved?
For which conditions is gabapentin approved?
What requires monitoring in patients with impaired liver function receiving gabapentin?
What requires monitoring in patients with impaired liver function receiving gabapentin?
What is a key nursing consideration for diazepam administration?
What is a key nursing consideration for diazepam administration?
What is a contraindication for combining diazepam with other solutions?
What is a contraindication for combining diazepam with other solutions?
What requires dosage adjustment for gabapentin?
What requires dosage adjustment for gabapentin?
What is a key aspect of patient teaching for diazepam?
What is a key aspect of patient teaching for diazepam?
What should be monitored during diazepam administration for seizure disorder?
What should be monitored during diazepam administration for seizure disorder?
What is a key consideration for combining opioids with benzodiazepines or CNS depressants?
What is a key consideration for combining opioids with benzodiazepines or CNS depressants?
What is a key aspect of gabapentin's pharmacokinetics?
What is a key aspect of gabapentin's pharmacokinetics?
What is a key difference in the goals of diazepam therapy for seizure disorder and status epilepticus?
What is a key difference in the goals of diazepam therapy for seizure disorder and status epilepticus?
What is gabapentin approved for in addition to partial seizures?
What is gabapentin approved for in addition to partial seizures?
What is the maximum rate of intravenous administration for phenobarbital to prevent intraarterial injection complications?
What is the maximum rate of intravenous administration for phenobarbital to prevent intraarterial injection complications?
Which therapeutic effect of phenobarbital is evidenced by decreased brain waves on EEG?
Which therapeutic effect of phenobarbital is evidenced by decreased brain waves on EEG?
What is a potential adverse effect of phenobarbital?
What is a potential adverse effect of phenobarbital?
What are the patient teaching guidelines for phenobarbital related to?
What are the patient teaching guidelines for phenobarbital related to?
What is the primary mechanism of action of benzodiazepines like diazepam?
What is the primary mechanism of action of benzodiazepines like diazepam?
For what conditions is diazepam used as an adjunctive agent?
For what conditions is diazepam used as an adjunctive agent?
In which patient populations are dosage adjustments for diazepam necessary?
In which patient populations are dosage adjustments for diazepam necessary?
What is a potential adverse effect of diazepam related to the central nervous system?
What is a potential adverse effect of diazepam related to the central nervous system?
What are the contraindications for diazepam?
What are the contraindications for diazepam?
What may interactions with medications and herbs do to diazepam's effects?
What may interactions with medications and herbs do to diazepam's effects?
Which medication is used to control tonic–clonic seizures, psychomotor seizures, and nonepileptic seizures?
Which medication is used to control tonic–clonic seizures, psychomotor seizures, and nonepileptic seizures?
What is a common adverse effect of long-term use of phenytoin?
What is a common adverse effect of long-term use of phenytoin?
What is a contraindication to phenytoin?
What is a contraindication to phenytoin?
What is a caution needed in older adults regarding phenytoin?
What is a caution needed in older adults regarding phenytoin?
What is a key consideration for the administration of injectable solution of phenytoin?
What is a key consideration for the administration of injectable solution of phenytoin?
What is the route of administration for carbamazepine?
What is the route of administration for carbamazepine?
What is the primary use of carbamazepine?
What is the primary use of carbamazepine?
What is a caution needed for pregnant and breastfeeding women regarding carbamazepine?
What is a caution needed for pregnant and breastfeeding women regarding carbamazepine?
What is the mechanism of action of phenytoin?
What is the mechanism of action of phenytoin?
What is an effect of carbamazepine on liver enzymes?
What is an effect of carbamazepine on liver enzymes?
What should be monitored during phenytoin administration?
What should be monitored during phenytoin administration?
What is a patient teaching guideline for phenytoin?
What is a patient teaching guideline for phenytoin?
Which medication is used to control tonic–clonic seizures, psychomotor seizures, and nonepileptic seizures?
Which medication is used to control tonic–clonic seizures, psychomotor seizures, and nonepileptic seizures?
What caution is needed in older adults when administering phenytoin?
What caution is needed in older adults when administering phenytoin?
What can IV administration of phenytoin lead to?
What can IV administration of phenytoin lead to?
What is a common adverse effect of phenytoin?
What is a common adverse effect of phenytoin?
What is a contraindication to phenytoin?
What is a contraindication to phenytoin?
Which medication interacts with phenytoin, affecting its effectiveness and absorption of folic acid, calcium, and vitamin D?
Which medication interacts with phenytoin, affecting its effectiveness and absorption of folic acid, calcium, and vitamin D?
What is highly irritating to tissues and requires special techniques for IV administration?
What is highly irritating to tissues and requires special techniques for IV administration?
What does the nurse assess for in patients taking phenytoin?
What does the nurse assess for in patients taking phenytoin?
What are the patient teaching guidelines for phenytoin?
What are the patient teaching guidelines for phenytoin?
What is the onset of action of carbamazepine?
What is the onset of action of carbamazepine?
What does carbamazepine induce to increase metabolism?
What does carbamazepine induce to increase metabolism?
Where does carbamazepine cross and require caution in pregnant and breastfeeding women?
Where does carbamazepine cross and require caution in pregnant and breastfeeding women?
What is dementia characterized by?
What is dementia characterized by?
What is the most common cause and type of dementia?
What is the most common cause and type of dementia?
What is associated with the transmission of impulses between nerve cells in the brain?
What is associated with the transmission of impulses between nerve cells in the brain?
What does Alzheimer's disease result in?
What does Alzheimer's disease result in?
Study Notes
Phenytoin and Carbamazepine: Pharmacological Aspects and Nursing Implications
- Phenytoin stabilizes neuronal membrane by delaying sodium influx, used to control tonic–clonic seizures, psychomotor seizures, and nonepileptic seizures
- Caution needed in older adults due to altered albumin levels, renal or hepatic impairment causing drug displacement
- IV administration of phenytoin can lead to cardiovascular collapse, requiring careful monitoring
- Common adverse effects of phenytoin include CNS and GI tract issues, long-term use may lead to increased risk of osteoporosis
- Contraindications to phenytoin include hypersensitivity to hydantoins, caution in patients with specific conditions
- Several medications interact with phenytoin, affecting its effectiveness and absorption of folic acid, calcium, and vitamin D
- Injectable solution of phenytoin is highly irritating to tissues, special techniques needed for IV administration
- Nurse assesses for therapeutic and adverse effects, including absence of seizures and presence of hypersensitivity reactions
- Patient teaching guidelines for phenytoin include taking the drug as prescribed, maintaining good oral hygiene, and using contraception
- Carbamazepine is administered orally, with slow onset of action, and induces liver enzymes to increase metabolism
- Mechanism of action of carbamazepine is not fully understood, used to prevent partial seizures with complex symptoms
- Like phenytoin, carbamazepine crosses the placenta and enters breast milk, requiring caution in pregnant and breastfeeding women
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Description
Test your knowledge of antiepileptic medications with this quiz covering the uses, administration, and nursing implications of phenobarbital, diazepam, phenytoin, and carbamazepine. Explore the pharmacological aspects and nursing considerations for these important drugs used to manage seizures and related conditions.
