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Study Notes

Reported speech represents the speech of others or ourselves. (轉述語氣是用來表達他人或我們自己所說的話。)

Direct Speech (直接引語)

Direct speech repeats the speaker's exact words. (直接引語重複說話者使用的確切字詞。)
Example: John said, "I didn't finish my project yesterday." (例子：John 說：「我昨天沒有完成我的專案。」)

Indirect Speech (間接引語)

Indirect speech reports the speech by back-shifting the tense, changing reporting verbs, time, and place references. (間接引語通過回溯時態、改變報告動詞、時間和地點參考來報告語氣。)
Example: John said (that) he hadn't finished his project the day before. (例子：John 說他前一天沒有完成他的專案。)

Changing Verb Forms (Tenses) (改變動詞形式（時態）)

Simple Present (現在簡單式) changes to Simple Past (過去簡單式). (現在簡單式變為過去簡單式。)
Example: think → thought (例子：think → thought)
Present Continuous (現在進行式) changes to Past Continuous (過去進行式). (現在進行式變為過去進行式。)
Example: is thinking → was thinking (例子：is thinking → was thinking)
Simple Past (過去簡單式) changes to Past Perfect (過去完成式). (過去簡單式變為過去完成式。)
Example: thought → had thought (例子：thought → had thought)
Past Continuous (過去進行式) changes to Past Perfect Continuous (過去完成進行式). (過去進行式變為過去完成進行式。)
Example: was thinking → had been thinking (例子：was thinking → had been thinking)
Present Perfect (現在完成式) changes to Past Perfect (過去完成式). (現在完成式變為過去完成式。)
Example: has thought → had thought (例子：has thought → had thought)
Past Perfect (過去完成式) remains Past Perfect (過去完成式). (過去完成式保持過去完成式不變。)
Example: had thought → had thought (例子：had thought → had thought)
will changes to would. (will 變為 would。)
must changes to have to. (must 變為 have to。)
may changes to might. (may 變為 might。)
can changes to could. (can 變為 could。)
shall / should changes to should. (shall / should 變為 should。)
The present tense doesn't need to change into the past if the information in direct speech is still true or when "says" is the reporting verb. (如果直接引語中的信息仍然是正確的，或者當 "says" 作為報告動詞時，現在時態不需要變為過去時態。)
Example: Direct speech: She said, "The sea is blue." Indirect speech: She said (that) the sea is blue. (例子：直接引語：她說：「大海是藍色的。」間接引語：她說大海是藍色的。)