Reported Speech Guide PDF
Document Details
Uploaded by FoolproofTopaz
Jefferson
Tags
Summary
This document explains the concept of reported speech, outlining the differences between direct and indirect speech with examples and tables illustrating tense and reference changes. It also includes examples of time and place reference changes. This document will help students understand key concepts of English grammar and how to improve sentence structure.
Full Transcript
Here is the conversion of the attached image into a structured markdown format. Reported speech is how we represent the speech of other people or what we ourselves say. * Direct speech repeats the exact words the person used, or how we remember their words: * Example: John said, "I didn't...
Here is the conversion of the attached image into a structured markdown format. Reported speech is how we represent the speech of other people or what we ourselves say. * Direct speech repeats the exact words the person used, or how we remember their words: * Example: John said, "I didn't finish my project yesterday." * Indirect Speech repeats the actual words in our own sentence by 'back shifting' the tense as well as changing the reporting verb, the time reference and place reference. * Example: John said (that) he hadn't finished his project the day before. Changing Verb Forms (Tenses) | Direct Speech | Reported Speech | Examples | | :----------------- | :-------------------- | :------------------------------- | | Simple Present | Simple past | think thought | | Present Continuous | past continuous | is thinking was thinking | | Simple Past | Past Perfect | thought had thought | | Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous | was thinking had been thinking | | Present Perfect | Past Perfect | has thought had thought | | Past Perfect | Past Perfect | had thought had thought | | will | would | | | must | have | | | may | might | | | can | could | | | shall / should | should | | Occasionally, we don't need to change the present tense into the past if the information in direct speech is still true (but this is only for things which are general facts) OR when "says" is used as the reporting verb. * Example: Direct speech: She said, "The sea is blue." * Indirect speech: She said (that) the sea is blue. Changing Time Reference | Direct Speech | Reported Speech | | :--------------- | :----------------- | | ago | before | | yesterday | the day before | | last week | the week before | | now | then | | this afternoon | that afternoon | | today | that day | | tonight | that night | | tomorrow | the next day | | next week | the following week | Changing Place Reference | Direct Speech | Reported Speech | | :------------ | :-------------- | | this | that | | these | those | | here | there | | come | go |
