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Questions and Answers
What is a common characteristic of satellite lesions associated with fungal skin infections?
What is a common characteristic of satellite lesions associated with fungal skin infections?
Which of the following conditions can increase a person's risk of developing a fungal infection?
Which of the following conditions can increase a person's risk of developing a fungal infection?
What is the primary treatment approach for most fungal skin infections?
What is the primary treatment approach for most fungal skin infections?
What is a characteristic feature of onychomycosis, a fungal infection of the nail beds?
What is a characteristic feature of onychomycosis, a fungal infection of the nail beds?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that can contribute to fungal skin infections?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can contribute to fungal skin infections?
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What is a common trigger for flare-ups of atopic dermatitis?
What is a common trigger for flare-ups of atopic dermatitis?
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Which of the following best describes the typical appearance of psoriasis plaques?
Which of the following best describes the typical appearance of psoriasis plaques?
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When are systemic therapies preferred over topical treatments for psoriasis?
When are systemic therapies preferred over topical treatments for psoriasis?
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Which laboratory test can be useful in monitoring the disease activity of psoriasis?
Which laboratory test can be useful in monitoring the disease activity of psoriasis?
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What is the primary mechanism of action of biologic medications in treating psoriasis?
What is the primary mechanism of action of biologic medications in treating psoriasis?
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Which comorbidity is commonly associated with psoriasis?
Which comorbidity is commonly associated with psoriasis?
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Which of the following is most characteristic of impetigo lesions?
Which of the following is most characteristic of impetigo lesions?
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Which of the following are the most common causative agents of non-bullous impetigo?
Which of the following are the most common causative agents of non-bullous impetigo?
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A diagnostic test's ability to correctly identify individuals with a disease is referred to as:
A diagnostic test's ability to correctly identify individuals with a disease is referred to as:
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Which of the following is a characteristic of a diagnostic test with high specificity?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a diagnostic test with high specificity?
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Which combination of sensitivity and specificity is considered ideal for a screening test?
Which combination of sensitivity and specificity is considered ideal for a screening test?
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What is a primary consequence of a diagnostic test with low specificity?
What is a primary consequence of a diagnostic test with low specificity?
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A diagnostic test with high sensitivity but low specificity is most appropriately used for:
A diagnostic test with high sensitivity but low specificity is most appropriately used for:
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Which of the following is primarily related to the sensitivity of a diagnostic test?
Which of the following is primarily related to the sensitivity of a diagnostic test?
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One of the main benefits of using a highly specific diagnostic test is:
One of the main benefits of using a highly specific diagnostic test is:
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Why might a diagnostic test with high sensitivity not be the first choice for confirming a diagnosis?
Why might a diagnostic test with high sensitivity not be the first choice for confirming a diagnosis?
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Which of the following is NOT typically a recommended practice for managing dry skin and pruritus?
Which of the following is NOT typically a recommended practice for managing dry skin and pruritus?
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Which of the following is a common OTC antihistamine?
Which of the following is a common OTC antihistamine?
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What is a characteristic skin finding commonly associated with atopic dermatitis?
What is a characteristic skin finding commonly associated with atopic dermatitis?
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In infants, which area is most commonly affected by atopic dermatitis?
In infants, which area is most commonly affected by atopic dermatitis?
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Which of the following should be considered a first-line treatment for mild atopic dermatitis?
Which of the following should be considered a first-line treatment for mild atopic dermatitis?
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When should systemic treatment be considered for atopic dermatitis?
When should systemic treatment be considered for atopic dermatitis?
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Besides emollients, which of the following is sometimes used for the treatment of persistent pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis?
Besides emollients, which of the following is sometimes used for the treatment of persistent pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis?
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Which emollient is NOT mentioned as being helpful?
Which emollient is NOT mentioned as being helpful?
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What is the primary cause of herpes zoster?
What is the primary cause of herpes zoster?
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Which of these is a typical characteristic of a herpes zoster rash?
Which of these is a typical characteristic of a herpes zoster rash?
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Which of the following best describes the progression of skin lesions in herpes zoster?
Which of the following best describes the progression of skin lesions in herpes zoster?
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What is the recommended timeframe for starting antiviral therapy for herpes zoster to achieve the best results?
What is the recommended timeframe for starting antiviral therapy for herpes zoster to achieve the best results?
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A patient with herpes zoster reports pain that increases at night and with temperature changes. How is this pain best characterized?
A patient with herpes zoster reports pain that increases at night and with temperature changes. How is this pain best characterized?
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What potential complication of herpes zoster requires immediate referral to an ophthalmologist?
What potential complication of herpes zoster requires immediate referral to an ophthalmologist?
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What is the typical duration of the entire course of herpes zoster?
What is the typical duration of the entire course of herpes zoster?
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Which of these is NOT a recommended initial management strategy for herpes zoster?
Which of these is NOT a recommended initial management strategy for herpes zoster?
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What is the primary cause of a carbuncle?
What is the primary cause of a carbuncle?
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Which treatment is typically NOT required for a healthy individual with a furuncle?
Which treatment is typically NOT required for a healthy individual with a furuncle?
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What is the characteristic appearance of impetigo lesions?
What is the characteristic appearance of impetigo lesions?
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In which area is hidradenitis suppurativa most commonly found?
In which area is hidradenitis suppurativa most commonly found?
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What is the purpose of warm compresses in the management of a furuncle?
What is the purpose of warm compresses in the management of a furuncle?
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Which medication is applied three times daily for treating impetigo in children 12 years and older?
Which medication is applied three times daily for treating impetigo in children 12 years and older?
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What type of lymphadenopathy is commonly associated with impetigo lesions on the upper extremities?
What type of lymphadenopathy is commonly associated with impetigo lesions on the upper extremities?
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Which of the following is an appropriate management for both bullous and nonbullous types of impetigo?
Which of the following is an appropriate management for both bullous and nonbullous types of impetigo?
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Study Notes
General Study Tips
- Topics and content are intended to focus student attention when reading/studying, and some topics may be repeated in multiple chapters.
- Multiple test items are derived from the same topic areas to encourage deeper comprehension.
- Students need a broad understanding of content, not just memorization of passages.
- Information in chapters, boxes, and tables may include test items.
- Exam questions assess various cognitive learning levels, requiring analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of patient scenarios.
- Students must prioritize treatment actions based on provided information.
- Read all answer options before the question stem to focus on key content and avoid distractions.
- Utilize time effectively and avoid rushing.
- Key: BLACK - book readings, PURPLE - weekly recording Q's, RED - midterm recording, BLUE - original page content, Green - quizlet, Orange - Canvas modules.
Chapter 4: The Art and Diagnosis of Treatment
- Sensitivity: The proportion of patients with a disease who test positive.
- Specificity: The proportion of patients without the disease who test negative.
- High sensitivity means the test correctly identifies most individuals with the disease, while high specificity means the test correctly identifies those without the disease.
- A test with high sensitivity and high specificity is ideal for screening.
- A test with low specificity can produce many false positives.
- High sensitivity but low specificity tests are best used for screening.
Chapter 5: Evidence-based Practice
- Sources that NPs use for clinical decision-making include evidence-based research and clinical practice guidelines.
Chapter 10: Infectious and Inflammatory Neurological Disorders
- Herpes Zoster (Shingles) is caused by varicella-zoster characterized by a painful rash with blisters.
- The rash typically follows a dermatome.
- A primary infection with varicella-zoster virus (chicken pox) causes latent infection in sensory neurons.
- Pain and tingling can precede the rash onset.
- Management includes management of vesicles, controlling pain, and prevention of secondary infection with antiviral agents.
Chapter 11: Common Skin Complaints
- Pruritus: Sensation of itching accompanied by the urge to scratch.
- Common causes of pruritus are local (insect bites) or systemic (chronic renal failure).
- Atopic Dermatitis: characterized by erythematous patches with intense itching.
- Atopic Dermatitis in infants commonly affects the face and scalp, and in older children/adults, flexural areas.
- First-line treatment for mild atopic dermatitis is the use of moisturizers and emollients.
Chapter 12: Parasitic Skin Infections
- Scabies: caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei.
- Characterized by an intensely itchy rash, which is transmitted through direct contact.
- Pediculosis (lice): differentiation is done by observing that nits (lice eggs) are firmly cemented in place unlike dandruff.
- Ivermectin is the most common, effective treatment for scabies.
Chapter 13: Fungal Skin Infections
- Risk factors for fungal infections include conditions that compromise the immune system, prolonged antibiotic therapy, and a history of diabetes. The treatment is topical antifungal cream or pill.
- Assessment findings may include rash; satellite lesions; and common locations are in skin folds, moist areas.
Chapter 14: Bacterial Skin Infections
- Cellulitis: A spreading infection of the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue.
- Folliculitis: A superficial to deep skin infection of the hair follicles, characterized by papules.
- Furuncle (boil): an acute inflamed skin infection, usually affecting hair follicles, with a pus-filled lesion.
- Hidradenitis suppurativa: a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by painful bumps under the skin.
Chapter 15: Viral Skin Infections
- Herpes Zoster: Inflammation of the nerves resulting in a sharply demarcated rash.
- Warts: caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).
- The treatment of immunocompromised clients with herpes zoster usually requires antiviral medication.
Chapter 16: Dermatitis
- Atopic dermatitis: A long-term inflammatory skin condition characterized by severe itching and red, swollen, cracked skin.
- Urticaria (hives): characterized by itchy wheals on the skin, usually appearing after exercise or exposure to heat.
Chapter 17: Common Skin Lesions
- Actinic keratosis: Precancerous skin lesion resulting from chronic sun exposure.
- Most often treated by Cryotherapy.
- Rosacea: A common skin condition, characterized by flushing, redness, and visible blood vessels on the face.
Topical treatment options for acne include benzoyl peroxide
Chapter 18: Common Eye Complaints
- Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the conjunctiva, may be viral or bacterial.
- Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious, often associated with watery discharge.
- Bacterial conjunctivitis is frequently accompanied by thick discharge.
Chapter 19: Lid and Conjunctival Pathology
- Viral conjunctivitis: Adenovirus is the most common cause; involves inflammation of the conjunctiva with minimal pruritus and exudate.
- Bacterial conjunctivitis: more common in children and is characterized by a copious discharge, pain, and redness.
- *Chalazion: Painless, non-infectious inflammatory swelling of the meibomian gland in eyelid margin.
- Hordeolum: Acute, inflammatory, painful swelling of the sebaceous gland in the eyelid margin.
Chapter 20: Visual Disturbances and Impaired Vision
- Cataracts: An opacity of the lens of the eye, causing blurry vision, often related to age.
- Glaucoma: A group of eye diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure, resulting in damage to the optic nerve.
Chapter 21: Common Ear, Nose, and Throat Complaints
- Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is an acute infection of the middle ear.
- Otitis Externa (Swimmer's ear) is an infection of the outer ear.
- Acute Epiglottitis: a serious, rapidly progressing condition, characterized by severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and respiratory distress.
- An audiogram is an essential diagnostic tool to diagnose sensorineural hearing loss.
Chapter 22: Hearing and Balance Disorders
- Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL): damage to the inner ear, often permanent.
- Conductive Hearing Loss (CHL): sound transmission through the outer or middle ear is impaired, often reversible.
- Presbycusis: Age-related hearing loss, characterized by difficulty discriminating high-pitched noises.
- Ototoxicity: Hearing loss caused by medication.
Chapter 23: Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders
- Allergic Rhinitis: An IgE-mediated hypersensitivity response to an allergen causing itching, runny nose, and watery eyes.
- Viral Rhinitis: a common cause of upper respiratory symptoms involving nose and throat.
- Bacterial Otitis Media (AOM): an infection of the middle ear. Usually characterized by fever, pain and purulent discharge from the ear.
- Perforated Tympanic Membrane (TM): a hole in the eardrum due to trauma or infection, often requiring treatment..
Chapter 24: Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders
- Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis (Strep throat): a bacterial infection of the throat characterized by a severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and fever.
- Pharyngitis: Inflammation of the pharynx, characterized by pain, scratchiness, and difficulty swallowing.
- Peritonsillar Abscess: an acute collection of pus behind the tonsils with possible airway compromise.
Chapter 25: Peritonsillar Abscess
- Peritonsillar abscess: An acute collection of pus behind the tonsils; often associated with severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and painful mouth opening.
Chapter 63: Infectious Mononucleosis
- A viral infection caused by Epstein Barr (EBV) that can results in fatigue, sore throat, fever and lymph node swelling
- Monospot test may be used to confirm infection
- Treatment is supportive and not antibiotics.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to fungal skin infections and psoriasis, including risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options. Test your knowledge on the characteristics of satellite lesions, onychomycosis, and the mechanisms of biologic therapies for psoriasis. Ideal for students and professionals in dermatology and related fields.
