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Questions and Answers
What is a primary function of the liver in relation to the blood from the gastrointestinal tract?
What is the primary source of blood that reaches the liver?
Where does the bile formed in the liver eventually drain into?
What is the average time it takes for blood to pass through the liver lobule from the portal venule to the central hepatic vein?
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What is the purpose of the sinusoids in the liver?
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What happens to the blood during its passage through the hepatic plates?
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What is the reason for portal pressures not increasing linearly with portal flow?
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What is the result of increased hepatic pressures in disease states?
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What type of nerve fibers innervate the intrahepatic portal vein radicles?
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What happens to the portal vein radicles when systemic venous pressure rises?
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What is the result of diffuse noradrenergic discharge in response to a drop in systemic blood pressure?
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What happens to the blood flow through the liver during heart failure?
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What is the primary function of the enzyme glucuronyl transferase in the liver?
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What is the main difference between free bilirubin and bilirubin glucuronide in terms of solubility?
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Where is the enzyme glucuronyl transferase primarily located in the liver cell?
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What is the role of multidrug resistance protein-2 (MRP-2) in the liver?
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What is the fate of most of the bilirubin glucuronide produced in the liver?
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What is the significance of the binding of bilirubin to albumin in the blood?
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What is the primary driving force for the initial formation of canalicular bile?
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What is the approximate ratio of bile acids:phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol in canalicular bile?
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What happens to the tight junctions between adjacent hepatocytes during bile formation?
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What is the consequence of deviations from the normal bile acids:phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol ratio in canalicular bile?
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What is the fate of conjugated bilirubin in bile duct obstruction?
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What is the function of phosphatidylcholine in bile?
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What is the main function of the gallbladder in relation to bile?
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What is the approximate percentage of solids in gallbladder bile?
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What happens to the sodium ion concentration in bile as it becomes more concentrated?
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What is the pH of gallbladder bile compared to hepatic duct bile?
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What is the result of clamping the bile duct and cystic duct?
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What is the composition of hepatic bile in terms of water content?
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What is the main reason for the reabsorption of some bile pigments and urobilinogens in the portal circulation?
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At what level of plasma bilirubin is jaundice typically detectable?
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What is the effect of hemolytic anemia on bilirubin levels in the blood?
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What is the fate of small amounts of urobilinogens that enter the general circulation?
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What is the main difference between conjugated bilirubin and urobilinogens?
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What is the effect of intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct obstruction on bilirubin levels?
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What is the role of the intestinal mucosa in the reabsorption of bilirubin and urobilinogens?
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What is the significance of the free bilirubin level in the blood?
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What is the result of the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin and urobilinogens?
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What is the primary cause of hyperbilirubinemia in the blood?
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