chapter 36 for cathey exam 1

<p>blood k level rises--aldosterone released from adrenal cortex---aldosterone targets kidneys--k release falls---blood na/K levels normalize</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urinary bladder-----Eliminates waste products from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congenital malformation of male urethra • Hypospadias- urethral meatus is abnormally positioned somewhere on the ventral (underside) surface of penis • Epispadias- urethral meatus is positioned on dorsal surface/top of penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On the dorsal surface of the penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>125mL/minute and egfr is 60ml/min1.73 m2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>potassium, hydrogen ions (H+), ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.005 to 1.030</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>blood cells, platelets, protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Void into a sterile cup immediately after initial voiding..........Urinalysis – Common Test – Voided or Sterile Catheter Specimen – Clean Catch Specimen – clean urethral area, void small amount in toilet, then void in sterile cup</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>• Water • Sodium • Chloride • Calcium • Bicarb (HCO3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>color-• Pale yellow • Dark Amber • Brown/green • Orange • Red/pink • Smoky Clarity • Clear • Cloudy Specific Gravity • 1.005 to 1.03..... pH 4.5 to 8.0 ..........Protein0-8 mg/dL • 24 hour: 30-150 mg/dL......... Glucose None ........Ketones None .........Bilirubin None ........Nitrites None ........Leukocytes None......... Red Blood Cells less than 5.....White Blood Cells less than 5.......... Casts None to rare</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.005 to 1.03</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifies – number of bacteria or yeast in urine – Causative organism of urinary tract infection – Most effective medication use • Normal Value – Negative: None. – Positive: 100,000 or more/mL of urine................must collect before antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal Function Tests – Serum Creatinine- 0.6-1.2 – Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)- 10-20 – Creatinine Clearance Test- 85-135 (24-hour urine) – Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)- &gt;60</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caused by IV or oral contrast dye for CT or MRI Nephrotoxic Causes contrast-induced nephropathy Decline in renal function as shown by a rise in serum creatinine Risk Factors: • azotemia, • diabetes mellitus associated renal impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intravenous Contrast Media Injected – Contrast Media Outlines Renal Structures – Check Allergies – Monitor creatinine level – Hydration Before and After</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incontinence – Diapers • Potty training – Ineffective control • Hygiene – Improper wiping • Irritants- bubble bath, baby powder, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidneys-Ureter-Bladder (KUB) XR • Will show: – Tumors – Swollen Kidneys – Kidney Stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cystoscopy – Endoscopy through urethra to visualize bladder and/or collect specimens • Renal US • Renal biopsy – Pre/Post-op care same as any minor procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urge incontinence-----Involuntary Urine Loss with Abrupt/Strong Desire to Void – Most common in older adults – Can’t make it to the bathroom in time------------------------------------------------------Stress Incontinence – Involuntary Urine Loss from Increasing Abdominal Pressure – Occurs after sneezing, laughing, coughing – Most common in women after childbirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functional incontinence------From Impairment of Physical/Mental Function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overflow incontinence------------Involuntary Loss of Urine Associated with Bladder Overdistention • Usually associated with urinary retention r/t SCI or enlarged prostate • “Dribbling</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total incontinence---------Continuous, Unpredictable Loss of Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suprapubic tenderness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>oliguria and anuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>palpable over suprapubic firm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>normal residual volume is 50mL, residual volume of 150 to 200mL urine indicates need for further treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>treatment is generally urinary catheterization that can be temporary or long term------------------------------------------------URINARY CATHETER S • Indwelling (Foley) – Needs justification for insertion and removal as soon as medically able – CAUTI protocol to prevent UTI – Sterile insertion – if not done correctly bacteria is introduced and will cause UTI in patient – Incontinence is NOT a reason for an indwelling catheter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guidelines for Care of the patient with an indwelling urinary catheter – Maintain a closed system – Secure the catheter with tape or fastener – Encourage fluid consumption – Use aseptic technique when emptying collection bag – Wash perineum with soap and water daily and after BM – Keep tubing coiled on the bed and positioned for free flow of urine – Do not clamp catheters – Remove indwelling catheters as soon as possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every 3 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermittent catheterization – Best for pt who is unable to void r/t retention (BPH) or neurological condition (SCI) – Usually performed every 3 hours – Pts can be taught to self-catheterize at home</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>uprapubic catheter – Inserted ONLY by physician – If pulled out, short time frame for MD to reinsert 37</p> Signup and view all the answers