Functions and Anatomy of the Skeletal System

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Questions and Answers

Which function of the skeletal system involves protecting vital organs?

Support

Storage

Protection (correct)

Movement

What part of the skeleton includes the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs?

Vertebral Skeleton

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton (correct)

Cranial Skeleton

Which type of bone shape is found in the skull?

Flat (correct)

Irregular

Short

Long

What is one of the functions of the skeletal system related to muscle action?

Providing attachment points Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is predominantly stored in the bones?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of marrow in the skeletal system?

Blood cell production Signup and view all the answers

What is the main support center for the upper body in the skeletal system?

Spine Signup and view all the answers

How many basic bone shapes are identified in the human skeleton?

Four Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of red marrow in bones?

It produces most of the body's blood cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of bone is located just beneath the periosteum?

Compact Bone Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of spongy bone contributes to its lightweight yet strong nature?

The arrangement of small spaces within. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of an adult's body weight is made up of bone?

20% Signup and view all the answers

What two minerals are primarily involved in the composition of bones?

Calcium and Phosphorus Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue is predominantly present in an infant's skeleton before it is replaced by solid bone?

Cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a correct description of the bone's periosteum?

It provides structural support to muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of yellow marrow in bones?

It stores fat for energy reserves. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion?

Ball-and-Socket Joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the clavicle in the shoulder joint?

To hold the shoulder joint away from the upper body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of movable joint?

Cervical Joint Signup and view all the answers

Which bones are the radius and ulna associated with?

Wrist Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint allows for forward and backward motion like a door?

Hinge Joint Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is referred to as the largest bone in the body?

Femur Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the vertebral column is responsible for connecting the ribs?

Thoracic Region Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cartilage in the joints?

To protect the ends of bones Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Functions of the Skeletal System

Provides points of attachment for muscles, enabling movement.
Supports the body, with the backbone being the main support center for the upper body.
Protects vital organs, like the brain (skull) and heart and lungs (ribcage).
Produces blood cells through red bone marrow located within bones.
Stores minerals like calcium and phosphorus for the body's use.

Major Skeletal System Parts

Axial Skeleton: Includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum.
Appendicular Skeleton: Includes the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs, forming the appendages of the body.

Basic Bone Shapes

Long Bones: Found in arms, legs, and fingers.
Short Bones: Located in the wrist and ankles.
Flat Bones: Make up the skull and sternum.
Irregular Bones: Compose the spine.

Structure of Bone

Periosteum: The tough outer membrane that covers bones.
Compact Bone: The hard, dense layer beneath the periosteum, containing canals for blood vessels and nerves.
Spongy Bone: Found beneath the compact bone, with many small spaces, making it lightweight but strong.
Bone Marrow: Fills the gaps in the spongy bone and exists in two types: red and yellow.
- Red Bone Marrow: Produces most of the body's blood cells.
- Yellow Bone Marrow: Stores fat for energy reserves.

Bone Strength

Bones are both strong and lightweight due to their structure.
Bones are composed of 20% of an adult's body weight.
The main minerals in bone are calcium and phosphorus.

Bone Development

Most bones have a cartilage base in infants.
Cartilage is gradually replaced by solid bone until growth stops.
Cartilage persists in adults in some joints to protect the ends of bones.

Human Skeleton - The Clavicle

The clavicle (collarbone) holds the shoulder joint away from the rest of the upper body, being thin like a little finger.

Human Skeleton - The Scapula

The scapula (shoulder blade) is located on the back of the ribcage, contributing to the shoulder joint and arm movement.

Human Skeleton - The Vertebral Column (Spinal Cord)

Composed of 3 main regions:
- Cervical Region: Neck bones
- Thoracic Region: Where ribs attach
- Lumbar Region: The lower part of the back

Human Skeleton - Coccyx & Sacrum

Coccyx: "Tailbone," the final segment of the spine.
Sacrum: Located near the pelvis, connecting the spine to the hips.

Human Skeleton - Bones of the Arm & Hand

Humerus: The upper arm bone.
Radius & Ulna: The two bones of the forearm:
- Radius: Located on the top of the forearm.
- Ulna: Located on the bottom of the forearm.
Carpals: The wrist bones.
Metacarpals: The bones in the palm of the hand.
Phalanges: The bones of the fingers (little fingers).

Human Skeleton - Rib Cage & Sternum

Rib Cage: Protects the heart and lungs.
Sternum: The breastbone.

Human Skeleton - Bones of the Leg & Foot

Pelvis: The bone structure that supports the lower body.
Femur: The largest bone in the body, located in the thigh.
Tibia & Fibula: The two bones of the lower leg.
Tarsals: Ankle bones.
Metatarsals: Bones in the foot, located between the tarsals and phalanges.
Phalanges: The bones of the toes.

Joints

A joint is where two bones come together.
Joints allow for various movement and are categorized as:
- Immovable Joints: Allow little to no movement.
- Movable Joints: Allow the body a wide range of movements, held together by ligaments.

Types of Movable Joints

Ball-and-Socket Joint:
- One bone's round end fits snugly into another bone.
- Allows the greatest range of motion, like the shoulder and hip.
Hinge Joint:
- Allows movement in one direction, like a door.
- Examples include the knee and elbow.
Pivot Joint:
- Allows rotation, found in the neck (between the atlas and axis).
Gliding Joint:
- Allows bones to slide over one another, found in the wrists and ankles.

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Description

Explore the essential functions and structures of the skeletal system, including major parts and types of bones. This quiz covers aspects such as support, protection, and mineral storage, as well as the classification of bone shapes. Test your knowledge on the axial and appendicular skeletons and their roles in the human body.