Skeletal System PDF

Skeletal System Learni ✔ Discuss the different ng functions of skeletal system. ✔ Describe and discuss the Objecti ✔ parts of human skeleton. Differentiate the different tyopes of joints. ves  What...

Skeletal System Learni ✔ Discuss the different ng functions of skeletal system. ✔ Describe and discuss the Objecti ✔ parts of human skeleton. Differentiate the different tyopes of joints. ves  What are the 5 Functions of the Skeletal System? Muscle attached to bones!! 1. Movement: Skeletal system provides points of attachment for muscles. Your legs and arms move when the muscles pull on the bones. 2. Support: The backbone is the main support center for the upper body. It holds your head up and protects your spinal cord.  What are the 5 Functions of the Skeletal System? 3. Protection: The bones of your skull protect your brain. Your ribs protect your lungs and heart from injury. 4. Makes Blood: Red and white blood cells are formed by tissue called marrow, which is in the center of the bone.  What are the 5 Functions of the Skeletal System? 5. Storage: Bones store minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, for use by the body  What are the Two ► Axial Skeleton: The axial skeleton includes Major Skeletal System the skull, spine, ribs Parts? and sternum. ► Appendicular Skeleton: The appendicular skeleton includes the appendages of the body, which are the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs. What are the ► Four basic bone shapes: Basic Bone ▪ 1. Long- arms, legs and Shapes? fingers ▪ 2. Short- wrist and ankles ▪ 3. Flat- skull and sternum ▪ 4. Irregular- spine What is the Structure ► Typical Four Layers: of Bone? ▪ Periosteum: Covers Bones ▪ Compact Bone: Lies beneath the periosteum ▪ Spongy Bone: Lies beneath the compact bone ▪ Bone Marrow: Fills the gaps between the spongy bone  ▪ Bones are complex What is the living structures that Structure of Bone? undergo growth and development. ▪ A thin tough outer membrane covers the bone. ▪ Beneath the outer membrane is a layer of compact bone (hard and dense, but not solid – it is filled with holes and has small canals for blood vessels and nerves). What is the ▪ Inside the Structure of compact bone is Bone? a layer of spongy bone. ▪ It has many small spaces, is light weight, but strong. ▪ Spongy bone is also found at the ends of bones. What is the ▪ In the spaces of many Structure of bones there is a soft connective tissue Bone? called marrow. ▪ Two types of Marrow: ► Red ► Yellow ▪ Red Marrow produces most of the body’s blood cells. ▪ Yellow Marrow stores fat that can serve as an energy reserve. How Strong are ▪ The structure of Bones? bones make it both strong and light weight. ▪ 20 % of an adults body weight is bone. ▪ Bone is made up of 2 minerals: ► Calcium ► Phosphorus  ▪ As an infant, most of your How Do Bones skeleton is cartilage. Develop? ▪ Cartilage is a strong flexible tissue. ▪ Over time the cartilage is replaced by solid bone, usually complete by the time you stop growing. ▪ Not all cartilage is replaced in adults. Many joints contain cartilage, protecting the ends of bones (ears and the end of the nose is also cartilage).  Clavicle or Collarbone ► The clavicle, or collar bone, holds the shoulder joint away from the rest of the upper body and is only as thick as your little finger.  Scapula ► The scapula is located on the back side of the ribcage and helps provide part of the shoulder joint and movement for the arms.  Vertebral Column or Spinal Cord 1) The cervical region (neck bones) 2) The thorasic region (what the ribs attach to) 3) The lumbar region (the lower part of the back) Coccyx and Sacrum Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)  Radius and Ulna ► Radius on Top ► Ulna on Bottom Carpals or (Wrist Bones) Metacarpals (Top of Hands) Phalanges (Little Fingers) Rib Cage Sternum (Breastbone) Pelvis  Femur (Largest Bone in the Body) The Tibia and Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges What are A joint is a place where two bones Joints? come together. Joints allow the bones to move in different ways. Two types of joints: Immovable Movable  What are A joint that Immovable allows little or Joints? no movement  Most of the joint are What are movable joints. Allow the body to move Movable Joints? in a wide range of movements. Bones in movable joints are held together by strong connective tissue called ligaments. Four types of movable joints: Hinge Ball-and-socket Pivot Gliding  ► Round end of bone fitting snuggly within What is a another bone. Ball-and-Sock ▪ Ex. Shoulder and Hip et Joint? ► Allows the greatest range of motion. ▪ The ball-and-socket joint allows you to swing your arm freely in a circle.  ► Movement in one What is a direction like a door. ▪ Ex. Knee and Elbow Hinge Joint? ► Allows forward or backward motion.  ► Bone resting atop another bone permitting What is a Pivot free movement. Joint? ▪ Ex. Neck, Wrist and Ankles ► Allows one bone to rotate around another. ▪ Allows you to turn your head  ► Allows one bone to What is a Gliding slide over another. Joint? ▪ Ex. Knuckles, wrist, ankle ► Allows your to bend and flex as well as make limited side to side motions.  ► Connects bone to What is a bone. Ligament?  ► Attaches What is a muscle to Tendon? bone.