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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of bone marrow?
What is the primary function of bone marrow?
What type of bone is the femur?
What type of bone is the femur?
What is the process of breaking down and building bone called?
What is the process of breaking down and building bone called?
What is the outermost layer of bone tissue?
What is the outermost layer of bone tissue?
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What is the condition characterized by low bone density?
What is the condition characterized by low bone density?
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What is the type of ossification that forms the bones of the skull?
What is the type of ossification that forms the bones of the skull?
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Study Notes
Bone Structure
- Made up of 4 main tissues:
- Bone tissue (compact and cancellous)
- Bone marrow
- Periosteum (outermost layer)
- Endosteum (innermost layer)
Bone Functions
- Support and protection for the body
- Movement and locomotion (via joints)
- Blood cell production (in bone marrow)
- Storage of minerals (calcium, phosphorus)
- Endocrine functions (regulation of calcium levels)
Types of Bones
- Long bones (e.g. femur, humerus)
- Short bones (e.g. carpals, tarsals)
- Flat bones (e.g. ribs, sternum)
- Irregular bones (e.g. vertebrae, pelvis)
- Sesamoid bones (e.g. patella)
Bone Development
- Ossification (bone formation): 2 types
- Intramembranous ossification (e.g. skull)
- Endochondral ossification (e.g. long bones)
- Bone growth and remodeling: continuous process throughout life
Bone Remodeling
- Process of resorption and formation
- Important for maintaining bone strength and health
- Involves osteoclasts (break down bone) and osteoblasts (build bone)
Bone Disorders
- Osteoporosis (loss of bone density)
- Osteopenia (low bone density)
- Fractures (broken bones)
- Bone cancer (e.g. osteosarcoma)
- Bone infections (e.g. osteomyelitis)
Bone Structure
- Composed of four main tissues: bone tissue, bone marrow, periosteum, and endosteum
- Bone tissue consists of compact and cancellous bone
- Periosteum is the outermost layer, while endosteum is the innermost layer
Bone Functions
- Provides support and protection for the body
- Enables movement and locomotion through joints
- Produces blood cells in the bone marrow
- Stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus
- Regulates calcium levels through endocrine functions
Types of Bones
- Long bones include femur and humerus
- Short bones include carpals and tarsals
- Flat bones include ribs and sternum
- Irregular bones include vertebrae and pelvis
- Sesamoid bones include patella
Bone Development
- Ossification occurs through two types: intramembranous and endochondral ossification
- Intramembranous ossification forms bones like the skull
- Endochondral ossification forms long bones
- Bone growth and remodeling is a continuous process throughout life
Bone Remodeling
- Involves the process of resorption and formation
- Osteoclasts break down bone, while osteoblasts build bone
- Essential for maintaining bone strength and health
Bone Disorders
- Osteoporosis is the loss of bone density
- Osteopenia is characterized by low bone density
- Fractures occur when bones break
- Bone cancer includes osteosarcoma
- Bone infections include osteomyelitis
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Description
This quiz covers the composition and functions of the human skeletal system, including the types of bones and their roles in the body.
