8 Questions
Match the functional groups with their general formulas:
Alkyl = R- Hydroxyl = -OH Carbonyl = C=O Amino = -NH2
Match the functional groups with their polarity:
Hydroxyl = polar and hydrophilic Alkyl = non-polar and hydrophobic Carbonyl = polar and electrophilic Amino = basic and nucleophilic
Match the functional groups with their reactivity:
Aldehydes = undergoes oxidation, reduction, and condensation reactions Ketones = undergoes oxidation, reduction, and condensation reactions Carboxylic Acids = undergoes neutralization, esterification, and oxidation reactions Ethers = stable, unreactive
Match the compounds with their functional groups:
Methanol = Alcohols Diethyl ether = Ethers Formaldehyde = Aldehydes Acetone = Ketones
Match the functional groups with their physical properties:
Aldehydes = pungent odor, low boiling points Ketones = sweet or pungent odor, low boiling points Ethers = low boiling points, low polarity Carboxylic Acids = sour taste, corrosive
Match the functional groups with their chemical properties:
Alkyl = general-purpose programming Hydroxyl = polar and hydrophilic Carbonyl = electronegativity: oxygen pulls electrons, making carbon slightly positive Amino = basicity: acts as a base, accepting protons
Match the functional groups with their examples:
Alkyl = methyl (-CH3), ethyl (-C2H5), propyl (-C3H7) Hydroxyl = methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH) Carbonyl = formaldehyde (HCHO), acetone (C3H6O) Amino = methylamine (CH3NH2), aminoethane (C2H5NH2)
Match the functional groups with their characteristics:
Aldehydes = pungent odor, low boiling points, undergoes oxidation, reduction, and condensation reactions Ketones = sweet or pungent odor, low boiling points, undergoes oxidation, reduction, and condensation reactions Carboxylic Acids = sour taste, corrosive, undergoes neutralization, esterification, and oxidation reactions Ethers = low boiling points, low polarity, stable, unreactive
Study Notes
Functional Groups
Alkyl (R-)
- A functional group consisting of a saturated hydrocarbon chain
- General formula: R-
- Examples: methyl (-CH3), ethyl (-C2H5), propyl (-C3H7)
Hydroxyl (-OH)
- A functional group consisting of a hydrogen bonded to an oxygen atom
- Found in alcohols and phenols
- Polarity: polar and hydrophilic
- Examples: methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH)
Carbonyl (C=O)
- A functional group consisting of a carbon-oxygen double bond
- Found in aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters
- Electronegativity: oxygen pulls electrons, making carbon slightly positive
- Examples: formaldehyde (HCHO), acetone (C3H6O)
Amino (-NH2)
- A functional group consisting of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms
- Found in amines and amino acids
- Basicity: acts as a base, accepting protons
- Examples: methylamine (CH3NH2), aminoethane (C2H5NH2)
Alcohols (R-OH)
- A functional group consisting of a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom
- Examples: methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), glycerol (C3H8O3)
- Physical properties: boiling point increases with molecular weight
- Chemical properties: undergoes oxidation, esterification, and dehydration reactions
Ethers (R-O-R')
- A functional group consisting of an oxygen bonded to two carbon atoms
- Examples: diethyl ether (C2H5OC2H5), tetrahydrofuran (C4H8O)
- Physical properties: low boiling points, low polarity
- Chemical properties: stable, unreactive
Aldehydes (R-CHO)
- A functional group consisting of a carbonyl bonded to a hydrogen atom
- Examples: formaldehyde (HCHO), acetaldehyde (C2H4O)
- Physical properties: pungent odor, low boiling points
- Chemical properties: undergoes oxidation, reduction, and condensation reactions
Ketones (R-CO-R')
- A functional group consisting of a carbonyl bonded to two carbon atoms
- Examples: acetone (C3H6O), cyclohexanone (C6H10O)
- Physical properties: sweet or pungent odor, low boiling points
- Chemical properties: undergoes oxidation, reduction, and condensation reactions
Carboxylic Acids (R-COOH)
- A functional group consisting of a carbonyl bonded to a hydroxyl group
- Examples: formic acid (HCOOH), acetic acid (CH3COOH)
- Physical properties: sour taste, corrosive
- Chemical properties: undergoes neutralization, esterification, and oxidation reactions
Functional Groups
Alkyl (R-)
- A saturated hydrocarbon chain with a general formula of R-
- Examples include methyl (-CH3), ethyl (-C2H5), and propyl (-C3H7)
Hydroxyl (-OH)
- A hydrogen bonded to an oxygen atom, making it polar and hydrophilic
- Found in alcohols and phenols
- Examples include methanol (CH3OH) and ethanol (C2H5OH)
Carbonyl (C=O)
- A carbon-oxygen double bond, making carbon slightly positive due to oxygen's electronegativity
- Found in aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters
- Examples include formaldehyde (HCHO) and acetone (C3H6O)
Amino (-NH2)
- A nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms, making it a base that accepts protons
- Found in amines and amino acids
- Examples include methylamine (CH3NH2) and aminoethane (C2H5NH2)
Alcohols (R-OH)
- A hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom, with boiling point increasing with molecular weight
- Examples include methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), and glycerol (C3H8O3)
- Undergoes oxidation, esterification, and dehydration reactions
Ethers (R-O-R')
- An oxygen bonded to two carbon atoms, with low boiling points and low polarity
- Examples include diethyl ether (C2H5OC2H5) and tetrahydrofuran (C4H8O)
- Stable and unreactive
Aldehydes (R-CHO)
- A carbonyl bonded to a hydrogen atom, with pungent odor and low boiling points
- Examples include formaldehyde (HCHO) and acetaldehyde (C2H4O)
- Undergoes oxidation, reduction, and condensation reactions
Ketones (R-CO-R')
- A carbonyl bonded to two carbon atoms, with sweet or pungent odor and low boiling points
- Examples include acetone (C3H6O) and cyclohexanone (C6H10O)
- Undergoes oxidation, reduction, and condensation reactions
Carboxylic Acids (R-COOH)
- A carbonyl bonded to a hydroxyl group, with sour taste and corrosive properties
- Examples include formic acid (HCOOH) and acetic acid (CH3COOH)
- Undergoes neutralization, esterification, and oxidation reactions
This quiz covers the basics of functional groups in organic chemistry, including alkyl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups.
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