Organic Chemistry Functional Groups

Alcoholic Group

The alcoholic group is a functional group in organic chemistry that consists of a hydroxyl (-OH) atom bonded to a carbon atom.

Hydroxyl (-OH)

• A hydroxyl group is a functional group that consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom
• It is a polar group, making the molecule more soluble in water
• Hydroxyl groups are responsible for the formation of hydrogen bonds, which are important in biological systems
• Examples of compounds with hydroxyl groups include alcohols, phenols, and carboxylic acids

Aldehydes

• Aldehydes are a type of organic compound that contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom
• The general formula for an aldehyde is RCHO, where R is a hydrocarbon chain
• Aldehydes are polar and can form hydrogen bonds, making them soluble in water
• Examples of aldehydes include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde

Ketones

• Ketones are a type of organic compound that contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two hydrocarbon chains
• The general formula for a ketone is RCOR', where R and R' are hydrocarbon chains
• Ketones are polar and can form hydrogen bonds, making them soluble in water
• Examples of ketones include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone

Carboxyl (-COOH)

• A carboxyl group is a functional group that consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydroxyl group (OH)
• The general formula for a carboxyl group is -COOH
• Carboxyl groups are acidic and can donate a proton (H+), making them important in biological systems
• Examples of compounds with carboxyl groups include carboxylic acids, such as acetic acid and citric acid

Ester

• An ester is a type of organic compound that is formed by the reaction of a carboxyl group with an alcohol
• The general formula for an ester is RCOOR', where R and R' are hydrocarbon chains
• Esters are polar and can form hydrogen bonds, making them soluble in water
• Examples of esters include ethyl acetate, methyl salicylate, and triglycerides (fats and oils)

This quiz covers the different types of functional groups in organic chemistry, including hydroxyl, aldehydes, ketones, carboxyl, and ester groups. Learn about their structures, properties, and examples of compounds that contain these groups.