10 Questions
What is the general formula for an aldehyde?
RCHO
What is the functional group that consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom?
Hydroxyl (-OH)
What is the functional group that consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydroxyl group (OH)?
Carboxyl (-COOH)
What is the general formula for a ketone?
RCOR'
What is the general formula for an ester?
RCOOR'
What type of compound is formed by the reaction of a carboxyl group with an alcohol?
Ester
Which of the following is an example of a compound with a hydroxyl group?
Phenol
What is the characteristic of carboxyl groups?
They are acidic and can donate a proton (H+)
Which of the following is an example of a compound with a carboxyl group?
Citric acid
What type of compound is formed by the reaction of a hydroxyl group with a carbonyl group?
Ester
Study Notes
Alcoholic Group
The alcoholic group is a functional group in organic chemistry that consists of a hydroxyl (-OH) atom bonded to a carbon atom.
Hydroxyl (-OH)
- A hydroxyl group is a functional group that consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom
- It is a polar group, making the molecule more soluble in water
- Hydroxyl groups are responsible for the formation of hydrogen bonds, which are important in biological systems
- Examples of compounds with hydroxyl groups include alcohols, phenols, and carboxylic acids
Aldehydes
- Aldehydes are a type of organic compound that contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom
- The general formula for an aldehyde is RCHO, where R is a hydrocarbon chain
- Aldehydes are polar and can form hydrogen bonds, making them soluble in water
- Examples of aldehydes include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde
Ketones
- Ketones are a type of organic compound that contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two hydrocarbon chains
- The general formula for a ketone is RCOR', where R and R' are hydrocarbon chains
- Ketones are polar and can form hydrogen bonds, making them soluble in water
- Examples of ketones include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone
Carboxyl (-COOH)
- A carboxyl group is a functional group that consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydroxyl group (OH)
- The general formula for a carboxyl group is -COOH
- Carboxyl groups are acidic and can donate a proton (H+), making them important in biological systems
- Examples of compounds with carboxyl groups include carboxylic acids, such as acetic acid and citric acid
Ester
- An ester is a type of organic compound that is formed by the reaction of a carboxyl group with an alcohol
- The general formula for an ester is RCOOR', where R and R' are hydrocarbon chains
- Esters are polar and can form hydrogen bonds, making them soluble in water
- Examples of esters include ethyl acetate, methyl salicylate, and triglycerides (fats and oils)
This quiz covers the different types of functional groups in organic chemistry, including hydroxyl, aldehydes, ketones, carboxyl, and ester groups. Learn about their structures, properties, and examples of compounds that contain these groups.
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