Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was a major result of the Germinal and Prairial risings in 1795?
What was a major result of the Germinal and Prairial risings in 1795?
What was the primary purpose of the 2/3rds Decree passed by the National Convention?
What was the primary purpose of the 2/3rds Decree passed by the National Convention?
Which constitutional change initiated the Directory's establishment?
Which constitutional change initiated the Directory's establishment?
Which statement accurately describes the voting system under the Directory?
Which statement accurately describes the voting system under the Directory?
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What powers did the Council of Elders hold within the Directory's legislative framework?
What powers did the Council of Elders hold within the Directory's legislative framework?
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What significant event occurred during the Vendemiaire Uprising on October 5, 1795?
What significant event occurred during the Vendemiaire Uprising on October 5, 1795?
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Who was primarily threatened by the Verona Declaration of June 24, 1795?
Who was primarily threatened by the Verona Declaration of June 24, 1795?
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Which statement best describes the executive branch of the Directory?
Which statement best describes the executive branch of the Directory?
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What was the primary change that marked the beginning of the National Convention?
What was the primary change that marked the beginning of the National Convention?
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Which group was NOT a part of the Legislative Assembly's political spectrum?
Which group was NOT a part of the Legislative Assembly's political spectrum?
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What was a significant change in the structure of law during the Reign of Terror?
What was a significant change in the structure of law during the Reign of Terror?
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Which faction was primarily focused on aggressive de-Christianization during the French Revolution?
Which faction was primarily focused on aggressive de-Christianization during the French Revolution?
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Which event marked the significant decline of Robespierre's influence among the sans-culottes?
Which event marked the significant decline of Robespierre's influence among the sans-culottes?
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During the National Convention, which political group had a centralized power focus and supported the poorer classes?
During the National Convention, which political group had a centralized power focus and supported the poorer classes?
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What distinguished the Jacobins from the Girondins during their political struggle?
What distinguished the Jacobins from the Girondins during their political struggle?
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What was a major consequence of the Coup of Thermidor?
What was a major consequence of the Coup of Thermidor?
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What was the nature of the government immediately after the fall of Robespierre?
What was the nature of the government immediately after the fall of Robespierre?
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Which statement accurately reflects the seating arrangement during the National Convention?
Which statement accurately reflects the seating arrangement during the National Convention?
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How did the Directory attempt to restore political order after the Reign of Terror?
How did the Directory attempt to restore political order after the Reign of Terror?
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What was a significant outcome of the Reign of Terror?
What was a significant outcome of the Reign of Terror?
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What was one of the primary challenges faced by the Directory during its rule?
What was one of the primary challenges faced by the Directory during its rule?
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Who became a leading figure of the radical faction known as the Hébertists?
Who became a leading figure of the radical faction known as the Hébertists?
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What was a key characteristic of the trials conducted under the Law of Prairial?
What was a key characteristic of the trials conducted under the Law of Prairial?
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What characterized the Girondins' approach to governance compared to the Jacobins?
What characterized the Girondins' approach to governance compared to the Jacobins?
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Who primarily influenced the governmental structure during the Committee of Public Safety period?
Who primarily influenced the governmental structure during the Committee of Public Safety period?
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Study Notes
2024-10-17
- Three key events leading up to the 1791 Constitution made its success less likely: the King's Flight to Varennes, the Champs de Mars massacre, and the Declaration of Pillnitz/Brunswick Manifesto.
- The first Legislative Assembly met on October 1, 1791, but only a quarter of active citizens participated in elections. A self-denying ordinance excluded experienced political leaders.
- King Louis' unwillingness to be a constitutional monarch was a key problem. The call for a republic grew louder. About 50,000 people gathered at the Champs de Mars.
- The National Guard fired on the crowd, killing about 50 people, marking a crucial break within the Third Estate.
- War with Austria was declared in April 1792.
- The 1791 Constitution gave Louis substantial power, but allowed him to flee France. Only active citizens could be National Guardsmen, which was questioned.
- Political instability was evident in the succession of different governments with varying constitutional rules.
- The National Assembly debated whether to replace religion with a “Cult.”
1791 Constitution (September 3, 1791)
- Louis XVI was granted significant power
- Only active citizens could be National Guardsmen.
Succession/National Symbols Assignment (Cult of the Supreme Being/Cult of Reason)
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a. The Cult of the Supreme Being (secular religion) was introduced by Robespierre in 1794.
- It replaced the previous Cult of Reason (atheistic) and Catholicism.
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b. The Cult of the Supreme Being aimed to unify the French and establish social order through its moral code. Robespierre saw himself as an exemplar of virtue.
2024-10-21
- Argumentative essays need clear logic backed by evidence.
- Explain position while acknowledging the opposing view.
- Provide examples that are clearly verifiable and appropriate to the point.
- The declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen was considered too radical and outlawed.
- The Metric System in France uses a base ten system.
- The French flag, Tricolore, was created to represent the Estates system, with colors representing the Third, First, and Second Estate.
- Levee en masse, conscription, established standing armies in developed countries.
- La Marseillaise is the French national anthem, with songs being a key method of gathering mass support.
- Bastille Day celebrates the storming of the Bastille.
- The Guillotine was a prominent instrument of execution.
2024-10-23/2024-10-30
(Note: Information from multiple dates combined)
- Argumentative essays should use compelling logic and clear evidence.
- A series of claims is less effective than structured arguments.
- Writing should explain, exemplify, and reiterate claims to build a strong argument.
- Dictatorships may be necessary in times of great distress.
- Liberal democracies encourage innovation, compromise, and consensus.
- Liberal democracies allow the abuse of power to be less likely.
2024-11-04
- Jacobins favored the execution of Louis XVI, while Girondins favored his preservation.
- The National Convention was the next government following the Legislative Assembly's fall.
- The "Armoire de fer" (iron chest) documents suggested a conspiracy by Louis.
- Marat advocated a method of execution, called "appel nominal".
- Robespierre joined the Committee of Public Safety in July 1793.
2024-11-18
- Jacques Pierre Brissot was dedicated to republican ideas and advocated for the removal of Louis XVI but not his execution.
- Charlotte Corday assassinated Jean-Paul Marat.
- Olympe de Gouges and her work on women's rights are noted.
- Jacques-Louis David was a famous revolutionary painter.
2024-11-20
- The definition of genocide includes the intent to destroy a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group. The intent must be present.
- A two-week term for Presidents from the National Convention.
- Public Safety committee holds considerable power.
- The Reign of Terror occurred from 1793-1794, and ended with the execution of Robespierre.
- Girondins were accused of counter-revolutionary activities and were executed.
- The September Massacres occurred in 1792, killing large numbers of suspected enemies.
2024-11-25
- The National Convention had a unicameral legislature with an elected president but little power.
- The Committee of Public Safety controlled the government, and executed people thought to be opposition.
2024-12-02
- Thermidorians overthrew Robespierre.
- The Thermidorian Reaction ended the reign of terror.
- The White Terror (1795-1796) was marked by violence against perceived enemies of the revolution.
- The constitution of the year III was created to establish the Directory and a bicameral legislature.
- The Directory was a weakened republican government.
2024-12-11
(Note: Information from multiple dates combined)
- Executive branch of the Directory consisted of 5 Directors picked from the legislature.
- Similar systems of nominations to the US Presidential system and UN's General Secretary exist.
- Each Director served five-year terms.
2024-11-27/2024-12-27
(Note: Information from multiple dates combined)
- The progression of governments from absolute monarchy (Louis XVI) to constitutional monarchy to republic (through National Convention and directory) is evident.
- Napoleon is considered one of the world's first modern dictators.
- France experienced instability and violence during the revolution and subsequent governments.
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Description
This quiz explores the critical events leading up to the 1791 Constitution in France, including the King's Flight to Varennes, the Champs de Mars massacre, and the Declaration of Pillnitz. It examines the political instability and the challenges faced by King Louis XVI as the call for a republic intensified. Dive into the factors that shaped this significant period in French history.
