Francis Crick and James Watson: DNA Discovery
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Questions and Answers

What year did Francis Crick join the Cavendish Laboratory?

  • 1945
  • 1951
  • 1949 (correct)
  • 1953

Which of the following statements about James Watson's education is true?

  • He completed his degree at Harvard University.
  • He graduated with a degree in biology.
  • He started university at the age of 15. (correct)
  • He earned his PhD in genetics in 1950.

What major project did James Watson lead in 1989?

  • The Cancer Research Project
  • The Bioinformatics Initiative
  • The Human Genome Project (correct)
  • The Human Protein Project

In what year did Crick and Watson publish their DNA structure paper?

<p>1953 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main fields Crick ventured into after his PhD?

<p>Developmental Neurobiology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What notable achievement occurred in 1962 for Crick and Watson?

<p>They received the Nobel Prize. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects Crick's views on the genetic code?

<p>It is key to molecular biology. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did Crick relocate in 1976?

<p>California (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary scientific method used by Crick and Watson to discover DNA's structure?

<p>Construction of 3D models based on existing chemical properties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of Rosalind Franklin in the discovery of DNA's structure?

<p>Her crucial data was used in the determination of DNA's structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique feature of DNA's composition identified by Crick and Watson?

<p>DNA's structure incorporates a sugar-phosphate backbone with four specific bases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What timeframe was noted for determining the final structure of DNA after multiple models were attempted?

<p>Three days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly reflects the impact of Crick and Watson's discovery on scientific research?

<p>It laid the groundwork for the development of gene sequencing tools and genetic engineering. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Erwin Chargaff play in the understanding of DNA structure?

<p>He noted the base pairing rules of A with T and G with C. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which key event aided Crick and Watson in confirming the double helix model of DNA?

<p>Rosalind Franklin's Photograph 51. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant contribution of Rosalind Franklin in the discovery of DNA?

<p>She produced the X-ray image that revealed DNA's structure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique feature of the DNA structure did Watson and Crick determine?

<p>Each base pair has a specific bonded structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the 'rungs' of the DNA double helix structured?

<p>Composed of complementary base pairs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the relationship dynamic between Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins during their research?

<p>They had a hostile working relationship. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the impact of Crick and Watson's discovery on genetics?

<p>It paved the way for significant advancements in molecular biology. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What materials were used by Crick and Watson to build their famous 3D model of DNA?

<p>Metal and paper. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is DNA's structure?

A fundamental building block of life, composed of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix.

Where was the DNA structure published?

In 1953, Crick and Watson published their discovery of DNA's double helix structure in the scientific journal Nature.

Where did Crick and Watson work together?

Francis Crick and James Watson collaborated at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, England, to research DNA's structure.

What award did Crick and Watson receive?

Crick, a British biophysicist, and Watson, an American geneticist, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their groundbreaking discovery of DNA's structure.

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What did Crick study after his PhD?

Francis Crick's research on the genetic code helped unlock understanding of how DNA's information is translated into proteins, essential for life.

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What project did Watson lead?

James Watson's contribution to the Human Genome Project was a major advancement in understanding and mapping the entire human genetic code.

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What academic background did Crick have?

Crick transitioned from physics to biology, earning his PhD from the Cavendish Laboratory.

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What was Watson's PhD research focus?

Watson's early research focused on viruses at Indiana University, earning him a PhD in 1950.

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What are the chemical bases of DNA?

DNA is made up of four chemical bases: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C).

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How did Crick and Watson discover DNA's structure?

Crick and Watson used model building to determine DNA's structure, based on existing chemical properties and X-ray diffraction data.

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Who contributed to the discovery of DNA's structure?

Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction images were crucial in providing the data that helped Crick and Watson discover DNA's structure.

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How does DNA's structure enable replication?

DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself. The double helix structure allows for precise replication.

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What does DNA's structure resemble?

DNA's structure resembles a twisted ladder, with phosphates and sugars forming the sides and paired bases making the rungs.

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What base pairing rules govern DNA?

Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G) in DNA.

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How does DNA code for genetic information?

The order of bases in DNA determines the genetic code.

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How does DNA replicate?

When DNA replicates, the double helix 'unzips' and each strand serves as a template for a new strand, creating two identical DNA molecules.

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How did Franklin contribute to the discovery of DNA's structure?

X-ray diffraction images of DNA, produced by Rosalind Franklin, revealed the double helix structure.

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What did Crick and Watson use to create their DNA model?

Crick and Watson used Franklin's X-ray images, along with other data, to build a model of DNA's double helix structure.

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What impact did the discovery of DNA's structure have?

The discovery of DNA's double helix structure revolutionised our understanding of genetics and paved the way for advancements in molecular biology.

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What recognition did Crick, Watson, and Wilkins receive for their discovery?

Crick and Watson along with Maurice Wilkins received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962 for their discovery.

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Study Notes

Francis Crick

  • Nobel Prize winner, British biophysicist
  • Joint 1953 discovery of DNA structure
  • Studied physics at University College London
  • Worked on magnetic and acoustic mines during WWII
  • Joined Cavendish Laboratory in 1949, Cambridge
  • PhD on X-ray diffraction of proteins in 1951
  • Collaborated with James Watson
  • Discovered DNA's molecular structure in 1954
  • Contributed to genetic code study
  • Moved to California in 1976, studied developmental neurobiology and human consciousness.
  • Key quote "The genetic code is...the key to molecular biology", 1966
  • Started PhD at the Cavendish Laboratory in 1949
  • Published a landmark paper on DNA structure in Nature, April 25, 1953
  • Built 3D models to try and replicate DNA's structure

James Watson

  • US geneticist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize winner
  • Discovered DNA double helix structure with Crick
  • University of Chicago aged 15, zoology degree in 1947
  • PhD in virus research at the Cavendish Laboratory, 1950
  • Formed productive partnership with Crick
  • Published groundbreaking paper on DNA structure
  • Moved to California then returned to Cavendish for work with Crick
  • Lectured at Harvard, professor of biology in 1960
  • Published biological texts
  • Led Human Genome Project in 1989
  • Key quote: "In science there is only one answer and that has to be correct", 1987
  • Started at the University of Chicago, age 15.
  • Completed his PhD in viruses in 1950 at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge
  • Took part in building 3D models of the DNA molecule.

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Explore the monumental contributions of Francis Crick and James Watson in the discovery of the DNA structure. This quiz covers their academic backgrounds, significant collaborations, and lasting impacts on molecular biology. Test your knowledge of their groundbreaking work and achievements.

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