Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who is known as the father of experimental psychology and established the first psychology laboratory?
Who is known as the father of experimental psychology and established the first psychology laboratory?
- Wilhelm Wundt (correct)
- Sigmund Freud
- William James
- Mary Calkins
Sigmund Freud is associated with Humanistic Psychology.
Sigmund Freud is associated with Humanistic Psychology.
False (B)
What psychological approach emphasizes observable behavior as the subject of psychology?
What psychological approach emphasizes observable behavior as the subject of psychology?
Behaviorism
William James authored an important textbook in ______.
William James authored an important textbook in ______.
Which of these psychologists is known for developing the Cognitive Perspective?
Which of these psychologists is known for developing the Cognitive Perspective?
What field of psychology studies how the structure and function of the nervous system generate behavior?
What field of psychology studies how the structure and function of the nervous system generate behavior?
Cognitive Neuroscience is a subfield of Psychology that examines the biological basis of cognitive processes.
Cognitive Neuroscience is a subfield of Psychology that examines the biological basis of cognitive processes.
Match the following psychologists with their associated concepts:
Match the following psychologists with their associated concepts:
Which of the following topics is NOT a focus of cognitive psychology?
Which of the following topics is NOT a focus of cognitive psychology?
Developmental psychology only concerns itself with childhood development.
Developmental psychology only concerns itself with childhood development.
What is the Five Factor Model?
What is the Five Factor Model?
____ is a branch of psychology that applies theories and principles in industrial and organizational settings.
____ is a branch of psychology that applies theories and principles in industrial and organizational settings.
Match the psychological fields with their primary focus:
Match the psychological fields with their primary focus:
What type of behavior does research in psychology of drug use and abuse typically focus on?
What type of behavior does research in psychology of drug use and abuse typically focus on?
Milgram's electric shock experiment is an example of social psychology research.
Milgram's electric shock experiment is an example of social psychology research.
Name one cognitive skill that is studied in cognitive psychology.
Name one cognitive skill that is studied in cognitive psychology.
Which branch of psychology focuses on assessing and treating individuals with psychological disorders?
Which branch of psychology focuses on assessing and treating individuals with psychological disorders?
Health psychology focuses solely on the biological factors affecting health.
Health psychology focuses solely on the biological factors affecting health.
What is the primary purpose of the biopsychosocial model in health psychology?
What is the primary purpose of the biopsychosocial model in health psychology?
The __________ method includes forming hypotheses to test predictions about behaviors or events.
The __________ method includes forming hypotheses to test predictions about behaviors or events.
What type of research involves manipulating variables to discover their effects?
What type of research involves manipulating variables to discover their effects?
A case study is useful for generalizing results to the larger population.
A case study is useful for generalizing results to the larger population.
Match the following types of research with their descriptions:
Match the following types of research with their descriptions:
What is a primary focus of clinical therapy in psychology?
What is a primary focus of clinical therapy in psychology?
What does the term 'psychology' primarily study?
What does the term 'psychology' primarily study?
Psychology combines critical thinking with the scientific method.
Psychology combines critical thinking with the scientific method.
List one ethical guideline that safeguards human research participants.
List one ethical guideline that safeguards human research participants.
Psychology can be broken down into various __________, each focusing on different aspects of the human experience.
Psychology can be broken down into various __________, each focusing on different aspects of the human experience.
Match the key elements of the scientific attitude with their descriptions:
Match the key elements of the scientific attitude with their descriptions:
Which perspective of psychology focuses on observable behaviors?
Which perspective of psychology focuses on observable behaviors?
What is critical thinking?
What is critical thinking?
Psychologists do not need to remain humble about their findings.
Psychologists do not need to remain humble about their findings.
What type of research method is used to observe and record behavior without manipulation?
What type of research method is used to observe and record behavior without manipulation?
Correlational research specifies cause and effect relationships between variables.
Correlational research specifies cause and effect relationships between variables.
Which variable is manipulated in experimental research?
Which variable is manipulated in experimental research?
Animal studies in psychology have contributed to treatments for human diseases, such as __________ for diabetes.
Animal studies in psychology have contributed to treatments for human diseases, such as __________ for diabetes.
What is a primary weakness of descriptive research methods?
What is a primary weakness of descriptive research methods?
Experimental methods always guarantee ethical practices in research.
Experimental methods always guarantee ethical practices in research.
What is the main purpose of correlational research?
What is the main purpose of correlational research?
Match the following research methods with their basic purposes:
Match the following research methods with their basic purposes:
Study Notes
Foundations of Psychology
- Psychology blends "Psych" (soul) and "Ology" (scientific study), focusing on the mind and behavior.
- It encompasses studies of consciousness, memory, reasoning, language, personality, and mental health.
Psychology as a Science
- Psychologists employ critical thinking and the scientific method.
- Critical thinking involves examining assumptions, assessing sources, and weighing evidence instead of accepting conclusions blindly.
Scientific Attitude
- Key elements:
- Curiosity about phenomena
- Skepticism to question validity
- Humility to accept surprises and new ideas
- The discipline evolved through contributions from figures like Wilhelm Wundt (Structuralism), William James (Functionalism), and Sigmund Freud (Psychoanalytic Psychology).
Subfields of Psychology
- Biological Psychology: Examines how nervous system structure and function affect behavior.
- Developmental Psychology: Investigates physical and mental changes through aging, emphasizing cognitive development theories by Jean Piaget.
- Cognitive Psychology: Focuses on mental processes such as memory, learning, and problem-solving.
- Personality Psychology: Studies unique behavioral and thought patterns and includes the Five Factor Model of personality traits.
- Social Psychology: Explores how individuals relate to each other, studying themes like prejudice and obedience.
- Industrial-Organizational Psychology: Applies psychological principles to workplace issues, enhancing personnel management and organizational structure.
- Clinical Psychology: Addresses psychological disorders through assessment and therapy, utilizing techniques like cognitive-behavioral therapy.
- Health Psychology: Investigates how health is influenced by biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, following the biopsychosocial model.
Scientific Method in Psychology
- The scientific method involves devising theories that explain observations and generating testable hypotheses based on these theories.
- Types of research:
- Descriptive Research: Studies behaviors with methods like case studies, observations, or surveys.
- Correlational Research: Examines relationships between variables without inferring causation.
- Experimental Research: Involves manipulation of variables to determine causative effects.
Research Design Considerations
- Case studies offer deep insights into unique conditions but have generalization limitations.
- Correlational studies detect variable relationships but do not establish cause-and-effect.
- Experimental designs manipulate independent variables but may face practical or ethical limitations.
Research Ethics in Psychology
- Ethical guidelines protect participants in both human and animal research.
- Animal studies contribute to human healthcare advancements such as diabetes treatment and vaccines for diseases.
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Description
This quiz explores the foundational elements of psychology, including its scientific basis and contemporary perspectives. It also delves into the ethical guidelines that protect research participants. Test your knowledge on how psychologists formulate questions and the various subfields within the discipline.
