Forest Management Techniques Quiz

Forests managed through uneven-age methods feature a range of tree diameters, high Live Crown Ratios, multiple canopy layers, and stability with at least three different age classes.

The selection system removes individual trees across various diameter classes for sustained yields, while selective cutting exploits certain species without regard for long-term health or structural stability.

Retaining lower branches helps maintain a multi-layered crown canopy, benefiting both the ecological stability and the growth of understorey vegetation.

<p>Two benefits are sustained and regular yields of timber and full site utilization over the long run.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Reverse J Diameter Distribution indicates a healthy age structure with more smaller trees and fewer larger ones, ensuring future forest regeneration and diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Climate, landform, and soil properties are the primary characteristics influencing ecosystem productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>North and East aspects are generally more productive due to better moisture retention and favorable sunlight exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clear cutting, seed tree, and shelterwood are the three methods of regeneration for even-aged management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advance seedlings contribute by remaining dormant under leaf litter or soil until conditions are suitable for growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Management history is significant because past practices influence current site conditions and ecological balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formula is (stand area x cutting cycle) / age of the tree at maturity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>VGDL stands for Volume-Guiding Diameter-Limit, which determines a maximum stocking level for stands before harvesting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The single-tree selection method involves removing individual mature trees uniformly across a stand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plantations typically have a regular tree distribution, often consist of single species for conifers, and exhibit reduced structural diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bare-rooted seedlings are the cheapest option and reduce costs because no soil is attached to the roots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Containerized seedlings come with soil/rooting medium attached, allowing for better survival in harsh conditions, whereas bare-rooted seedlings do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A 'J root' refers to a condition where the seedling roots bend upwards due to improper planting depth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The q ratio indicates the ratio of the number of stems in one DBH class to the next higher DBH class, affecting sawtimber presence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bare-rooted seedling is the most common due to its lower cost and wide availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The recommended planting density for pines is typically 10x10 feet, equating to about 450 trees per acre.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seedlings should be planted when dormant, typically in spring, to minimize desiccation risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improper storage can lead to issues such as temperature stress, desiccation, and increased susceptibility to disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Challenges include the need to cut immature trees to create openings and poor record-keeping of timber marking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is important to remove air pockets to ensure good soil-to-root contact for the seedlings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seedlings should be kept shaded and moisture levels should be maintained.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mixed planting allows for more diversity, while block planting tends to have less diversity and more uniformity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic variation is essential for capturing unique traits and ensuring quality in tree populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenotype is the outward expression of an individual's genetics influenced by environmental factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selection differential (S) measures the difference between the means of selected trees and the total population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The goal is to produce superior seed by crossing the best trees with one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced genetic diversity can increase susceptibility to diseases and adverse environmental conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provenance refers to the geographic area of seed origin, while seed source is the specific location where seeds are collected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bedding enhances drainage and concentrates nutrients in the seedling rooting zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subsoiling is the deep fracturing of compacted soil, necessary when soil strength exceeds critical compaction levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indicators include a noticeable browse line, limited regeneration, and an open space prevalence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Woven wire fencing is a deer barrier that is 8ft tall and is expensive but reusable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tree shelters create a greenhouse effect, providing ideal microclimate conditions for young trees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The objective of site preparation is to enhance resource availability for tree roots by improving soil conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Half-sib refers to seeds collected from the same mother tree, sharing only half of their genetics.</p> Signup and view all the answers