5.2
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Questions and Answers

Which chemical contaminant is associated with cookware?

  • Mercury
  • PFOA (correct)
  • PBDEs
  • BPA

Which chemical contaminant is commonly found in fire retardants?

  • Dioxins
  • PCBs
  • PBDEs (correct)
  • Mercury

Which contaminant results from the manufacture of vinyl chloride?

  • PCBs (correct)
  • Methylmercury
  • PFOA
  • PBDEs

Which contaminant is primarily linked to old transformers?

<p>PCBs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is not typically a common food allergen?

<p>Chocolate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary substance causing Celiac disease?

<p>Gluten (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which contaminant is primarily derived from the use of certain plastic products?

<p>BPA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of food is least likely to trigger an immune response in sensitive individuals?

<p>Beans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mercury contamination is primarily associated with which type of food?

<p>Fish (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an unintentional chemical contaminant?

<p>Heavy metals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which persistent organic pollutant is NOT banned by the Stockholm Convention?

<p>Organochlorines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes bioaccumulation?

<p>Build-up of pollutants in an organism's tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contaminants is specifically derived from smoking and charring food?

<p>Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heavy metal is NOT commonly mentioned among chemical contaminants?

<p>Uranium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor associated with using Teflon cookware?

<p>PFOA release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a method by which pollutants increase in concentration in a food chain?

<p>Biomagnification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of planned chemical contamination mentioned?

<p>Antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is considered a persistent organic pollutant (POP)?

<p>DDT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does bioamplification refer to in the context of environmental pollutants?

<p>The increased concentration of pollutants as they move up the food chain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as an unintentional chemical contaminant?

<p>Antibiotics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of toxic exposure can endocrine disruptors potentially cause?

<p>Changes in hormonal systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a heavy metal commonly impacting food safety?

<p>Cobalt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which harmful chemical is associated with the use of certain Teflon cookware?

<p>PFOA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a type of intentional chemical contaminant?

<p>Herbicides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are sodium nitrates and nitrites suspected to form during cooking?

<p>Nitrosamines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical contaminant is primarily derived from plasticizers used in food packaging?

<p>BPA (bisphenol-A) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of substance is categorized as an allergen?

<p>A safe substance for most but triggers immune responses in some (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical contaminant is linked primarily to fire-retardant materials?

<p>PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern regarding the consumption of fish and seafood?

<p>Potential for heavy metal contamination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which allergen is specifically linked to gluten intolerance?

<p>Wheat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical contaminant has been banned in many countries due to its toxic impacts on the environment?

<p>PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of food is least likely to contain common allergens?

<p>Vegetables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cookware contaminant

A chemical contaminant found in cookware materials

Fire retardant contaminant

A chemical contaminant found in fire retardant materials.

Vinyl chloride contaminant

A chemical contaminant from vinyl chloride manufacturing.

Old transformer contaminant

A chemical contaminant from old electrical transformers.

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Allergen

A normally harmless substance triggering an abnormal immune response in some individuals.

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Peanut allergen

A common food allergen found in peanuts, triggering an abnormal immune response.

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Nut allergen

A common food allergen found in various types of nuts, triggering an abnormal immune response.

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Fish/Shellfish allergen

A common food allergen found in fish, shellfish, and crustaceans, triggering an abnormal immune response.

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Egg allergen

A common food allergen found in eggs, triggering an abnormal immune response.

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Intentional Chemical Contaminants

Substances added to food or the environment deliberately, usually for pest control, but can harm human health.

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Milk allergen

A common food allergen found in milk, triggering an abnormal immune response.

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Unintentional Chemical Contaminants

Harmful substances that accidentally end up in food or the environment, such as industrial waste products.

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Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

Toxic chemicals that stay in the environment for a long time, spreading widely and harming humans and ecosystems.

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Bioaccumulation

The gradual buildup of pollutants in the tissues of living organisms.

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Biomagnification/Bioamplification

The increasing concentration of a substance as it moves up the food chain.

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Heavy Metals

Metallic chemical elements toxic at low levels, found in the environment and food.

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Methylmercury

A toxic form of mercury that builds up in organisms.

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Pesticides

Chemical substances used to kill pests.

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Sodium Nitrates/Nitrites

Food preservatives that can form cancer-causing compounds during cooking.

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Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Chemical compounds formed when food is cooked at high temperatures or smoked, potentially carcinogenic.

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Intentional Contaminants

Harmful substances added to food or the environment on purpose, often for pest control.

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Unintentional Contaminants

Harmful substances that accidentally end up in food or the environment, like industrial waste.

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Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

Toxic chemicals that last a long time in the environment and spread widely, harming everything.

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Bioaccumulation

Pollutants building up in organisms over time.

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Biomagnification

Higher concentration of pollutants moving up the food chain.

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Heavy Metals

Metallic elements that are harmful even at low levels, often found in pollution.

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Methylmercury

A dangerous type of mercury that builds up in living things.

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Pesticides

Chemicals used to kill pests, but can also harm other things.

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Sodium Nitrates/Nitrites

Food preservatives that can create cancer-causing compounds when cooked.

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Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Chemicals made when food is smoked or cooked at high heat, sometimes harmful.

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Cookware contaminant

A chemical contaminant found in cookware materials, potentially harmful to health.

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Fire retardant contaminant

A chemical contaminant found in fire retardant materials, potentially harmful to the environment and human health.

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Vinyl chloride contaminant

A chemical contaminant resulting from vinyl chloride manufacturing. Often involved in plastic production.

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Old transformer contaminant

A chemical contaminant, often from old electrical transformers, posing risks to the environment and/or humans.

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Allergen

A substance that triggers an unusual immune response in some individuals.

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Food Allergens

Specific foods that may trigger an immune response in some individuals.

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Chemical Contaminants

Harmful substances that end up in our food and water.

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Health Hazards

Risks to health and well-being, often related to toxins or contaminants.

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Protection from Health Hazards

Measures to safeguard from various risks to health.

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Different Kinds of Toxins

Various dangerous substances, including contaminants, that can harm our health.

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Study Notes

Food Gone Bad: Part 2

  • Chemical Contaminants: Food can be contaminated unintentionally (industrial waste) or intentionally (pesticides, etc.)

Unintentional Contaminants

  • Heavy metals: Mercury, methylmercury, other heavy metals (e.g., Al, Pb, As, Cd)
  • Fire retardants (PBDEs)
  • Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and related compounds (furans)

Intentional Contaminants

  • Pesticides: Insecticides (organochlorines like dioxin, DDT, organophosphates, carbamates), Fungicides, Herbicides (e.g., 2,4-D, atrazine, glyphosate)
  • Hormones: Synthetic estrogens (rBGH, or rBST)

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

  • POP characteristics: long-lasting in the environment, widely distributed, damage to humans and ecosystems
  • Health effects of POPs: Cancer, allergies, hypersensitivity, damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems, endocrine disrupters affecting development, reproductive system, and immune systems
  • Banned POPs (since 2004): Certain pesticides (like DDT), industrial chemicals and their by-products, e.g., PBDEs, PCBs, dioxins, furans, PFOA

Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification

  • POPs and heavy metals: Absorbed by organisms
  • Bioaccumulation: Build-up of pollutant in tissues/organs
  • Biomagnification: Concentration of substances increases as it goes up the food chain
  • Mercury: Example of Bioaccumulation/Biomagnification
  • Mercury builds up in organisms, and the concentration increases in higher organisms on the food chain

Toxins from Cooking and Packaging

  • Sodium nitrites and nitrates (nitrosamines)
  • Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from smoking/charring
  • Plastic monomers and additives (phthalates): Bisphenol-A (BPA), in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins
  • PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) in Teflon cookware

Test Review Questions

  • Question 1: Mercury is NOT an intentional contaminant.
  • Question 2: Antibiotics are NOT an unintentional contaminant.
  • Question 3: PFOA comes from cookware.
  • Question 4: PBDEs come from fire retardants.
  • Question 5: Methylmercury comes from vinyl chloride manufacture.
  • Question 6: Methylmercury comes from old transformers.

Allergens

  • Allergens: Substances normally safe to eat, but trigger anomalous immune responses in some people
  • Common food allergens: Peanuts, tree nuts, soy, fish, shellfish, crustaceans, eggs, milk, gluten (in wheat, barley, rye, and oat products)

Review Exercise

  • Examines different contaminants in food/water and preventative measures.

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Food Gone Bad Lecture 5.2 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the chemical contaminants found in food, both unintentional and intentional. Explore the effects of heavy metals, pesticides, and persistent organic pollutants on health and the environment. Understand the implications of these contaminants on food safety.

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