Food Gone Bad Lecture 5.2 PDF

FOOD GONE BAD PART 2 NATS1560 UNDERSTANDING FOOD For class use only. Do not circulate.  CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS Unintentional: Intentional: (industrial waste) Heavy metals Pesticides – Insecticides − mercury...

FOOD GONE BAD PART 2 NATS1560 UNDERSTANDING FOOD For class use only. Do not circulate.  CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS Unintentional: Intentional: (industrial waste) Heavy metals Pesticides – Insecticides − mercury organochlorines – methylmercury (dioxin, DDT), − other heavy organophosphates, metals carbamates – Al, Pb, As, Cd, etc. – Fungicides Fire retardants – Herbicides 2,4-D, atrazine, (PBDEs) glyphosate Polychlorinated Hormones biphenyls (PCBs) – synthetic estrogen and related – rBGH, or rBST Test Review: 1. Which of the following is NOT an intentional chemical contaminant? A) Pesticides B) Insecticides C) Fungicides D) Hormones E) Mercury Test Review: 2. Which of the following is NOT an unintentional chemical contaminant? A) Heavy metals B) Methylmercury C) PDBEs (fire retardants) D) Antibiotics E) PCBs  PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): toxic chemicals that, once released in the environment, persist for a very long time and get widely distributed, causing damage to humans and ecosystems – POPs can cause cancer, allergies and hypersensitivity, damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems – Some POPs are considered endocrine disrupters, which altering the hormonal system, and can damage the development, reproductive system, and immune systems of exposed individuals Since 2004, the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants has banned an increasing number of POPs: − certain pesticides, as DDT and others − industrial chemicals and their by- products, like PBDEs, PCBs, dioxins, furans, and others − PFOA  BIOACCUMULATION AND BIOAMPLIFICATION POPs and heavy metals are absorbed by organisms Bioaccumulation: build- up of the pollutant in the tissues of an organism Bio-amplification or biomagnification: increased concentration of the substance as it moves up the food chain  TOXINS FROM COOKING AND PACKAGING Sodium nitrates and sodium nitrites (nitrosamine) Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other compounds from smoking and charring Plastic monomers and plastic additives (phthalates) Bisphenol-A, or BPA (in polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins) PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid, in Teflon cookware) TEST REVIEW: 3. Which of the following chemical contaminants comes from cookware? A) Mercury B) PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) C) PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), furans, and dioxins D) PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) E) BPA (bisphenol-A) TEST REVIEW: 4. Which of the following chemical contaminants comes from fire retardants? A) Mercury B) PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) C) PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), furans, and dioxins D) PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) E) BPA (bisphenol-A) TEST REVIEW: 5. Which of the following chemical contaminants comes from the manufacture of vinyl chloride? A) Methylmercury B) PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) C) PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), furans, and dioxins D) PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) E) BPA (bisphenol-A) TEST REVIEW: 6. Which of the following chemical contaminants comes from old transformers? A) Methylmercury B) PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) C) PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), furans, and dioxins D) PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) E) BPA (bisphenol-A)  ALLERGENS Allergen: substance that is normally safe to eat, but in some people triggers an anomalous immune response Allergens are most found in: – peanuts – nuts – soy – fish, shellfish, and crustaceans – eggs – milk Celiac disease – gluten (in wheat, barley, rye, and oat products)  REVIEW EXERCISE: What are the different kinds of toxins and contaminants that may be in our food and water? What can we do to protect ourselves and our families from these health © Toby Bridson hazards?