Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the formula to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of a pile in cohesive soil?
What is the formula to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of a pile in cohesive soil?
In an open channel, which equation describes the velocity distribution at depth y?
In an open channel, which equation describes the velocity distribution at depth y?
What is the meaning of the term 'R' in hydrodynamics when maximizing flow rate?
What is the meaning of the term 'R' in hydrodynamics when maximizing flow rate?
How can the ultimate frictional capacity of a pile be calculated using the a method?
How can the ultimate frictional capacity of a pile be calculated using the a method?
Signup and view all the answers
Which section maximizes discharge in an open channel according to the Chézy-Manning Formula?
Which section maximizes discharge in an open channel according to the Chézy-Manning Formula?
Signup and view all the answers
For a fixed plate, what is the formula for reaction?
For a fixed plate, what is the formula for reaction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the factor of safety formula for an infinite slope in cohesive soil considering water pressure?
What is the factor of safety formula for an infinite slope in cohesive soil considering water pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method calculates the ultimate frictional capacity of a pile using the λ method?
Which method calculates the ultimate frictional capacity of a pile using the λ method?
Signup and view all the answers
In flow analysis of channels, what is the impact of the Kármán constant?
In flow analysis of channels, what is the impact of the Kármán constant?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'n' represent in the Chézy-Manning velocity formula?
What does the term 'n' represent in the Chézy-Manning velocity formula?
Signup and view all the answers
How is the factor of safety for infinite slopes with full seepage calculated in sandy soil?
How is the factor of safety for infinite slopes with full seepage calculated in sandy soil?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'Qult' represent in the context of pile foundations?
What does the term 'Qult' represent in the context of pile foundations?
Signup and view all the answers
Which shape is described as having maximum efficiency when calculating the flow rate using the Chézy-Manning formula?
Which shape is described as having maximum efficiency when calculating the flow rate using the Chézy-Manning formula?
Signup and view all the answers
A fluid is considered incompressible when:
A fluid is considered incompressible when:
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics Review Notes
-
Chapter 1: Properties of Fluids
- Unit Weight (γ) = ρg
- Mass Density (ρ) = M/V
- Specific Volume (Vs) = 1/ρ
- Specific Gravity (S) = ρliquid/ρwater
- Dynamic Viscosity (μ) = F/A (dV/dy)
- Kinematic Viscosity (ν) = μ/ρ
- Droplet Pressure (p) = 4σ/d
- Capillarity (h) = 4σcosθ/ρgd
- Compressibility (β) = -ΔV/V/Δρ
- Bulk Modulus of Elasticity (Eb) = 1/β
- Celerity (c) = √(E/ρ)
- Gas Law (P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂), Adiabatic/Isentropic (P₁V₁^k = P₂V₂^k)
-
Chapter 2: Principles of Hydrostatics
- Pressure (p) = F/A
- Pascal's Law: Pressure on a fluid is equal in all directions
- Gage Pressure = Pressure above atmospheric pressure
- Atmospheric Pressure = 101.325 kPa = 14.7 psi
- Absolute Pressure = Gage pressure + atmospheric pressure
- Fluid Pressure (p) = yh
- Pressure Below Layers of Fluids (p) = ∑(ynhn)
-
Chapter 3: Total Hydrostatic Force on Surfaces
- Force due to Pressure (F) = pA
- Hydrostatic Force on Inclined Surfaces (F) = yhA or PcgA
- Hydrostatic Force on Curved Surfaces (Fv) = yV
- Archimedes' Principle: Upward force on a body immersed in a fluid = Weight of displaced fluid (BF = YVD)
- Stability of Floating Bodies: Metacenter (M) determines stability (RM or OM = Wx = W(MGsine))
-
Chapter 4: Relative Equilibrium of Liquids
- Horizontal Rectilinear Translation: W = mg, REF = ma
- Inclined Rectilinear Motion: W = mg, REF = ma
- Vertical Rectilinear Motion: W = mg, REF = ma
- Rotating Motion: tan θ = ω²x/g
-
Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Fluid Flow
- Discharge or Flow Rate (Q) = AV
- Continuity Equation (Incompressible Fluids): A₁V₁ = A₂V₂
- Bernoulli's Energy Theorem (E₁ = E₂),
- Power and Efficiency (P = γQE),
- Energy Head (v²/2g, P/γ, z),
- Gains and Losses (Hp + hf loss + Ht loss = E₂)
-
Chapter 6: Fluid Flow Measurement:
- Device Coefficients (Cv, Cc),
- Head Loss through Device (HL = (V₂² -V₁²)/2g),
- Orifice Velocity (v = 2gH),
- Weirs (Discharges)
- Rectangular Weirs,Triangular Weirs,and Trapezoidal Weirs formula (Q = function of Head - H)
-
Chapter 7: Fluid Flow in Pipes
- Reynold's Number (Re) = (ρVD)/μ
- Flow Type (Laminar, Turbulent, Critical)
- Friction Factor (f)
- Entrance Length (Le)
- Velocity Distributions in Pipes (v = function of radius,avg velocity, max velocity)
- Shearing Stress in Pipes (τo = function of V,p,L,f)
- Major Head Losses (Darcy-Weisbach, Manning, Hazen Williams) – formula(hf= function of diameter,velocity,friction factor
- Minor Head Losses (km)
- Pipes in Series/Parallel (use head-loss formula to find total head losses)
-
Chapter 8: Open Channel Flow
- Specific Energy (E = v²/2g + d)
- Chézy, Kutter, Ganguillet & Manning, Bazin, and Powell Formula (v=CR^1/2S^1/2, Q = AR^1/2S^1/2)
- Uniform Flow (v=CR^1/2S^1/2),
- Boundary Shear Stress [function of boundary roughness(S)]
- Normal Depth (d= function of Q,R,S)
- Most Efficient Cross Sections [proportions are given by formula
- Velocity Distribution (v=function of hydraulic radius and depth),and flow rate(Q) are given]
- Alternate Stages of Flow (plot d-Q)
-
Chapter 9: Hydrodynamics
- Reactions Against Flat Plates (R = pQv)
- Forces Against Vanes (Fx = pQ(V₁x-V₂x),Fy=pQ(V₁y-V₂y))
- Forces Developed in Pipes (R = Σ(Q₁V₁-(Q₂V₂)))
-
Chapter 10: Deep Foundations (Cohesive Soil)
- Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Pile(Qb = CNcAtip), and Ultimate Frictional Capacity of Pile (Qf = cLaP (method))
- Ultimate Capacity of a Single Pile (Qult = Qb + Qf)
- Ultimate Capacity of Group Piles (Qult = (Qb + QF) × n)
-
Chapter 11: Slope Stability
- Infinite Slope (Clay/Sandy Soil), Factor of Safety (FS), Equation(FS = function of angle of friction of soil,height of soil,unit weight,etc...)
-
Geotechnical Engineering [Properties of Soil]:
- Phase Diagram (V = Vv + Vs + ...).
- Void Ratio (e = Vv/Vs)
- Porosity (n = Vv/Vt)
- Degree of Saturation (S = Vw/Vv)
- Air Void Ratio (Avr = Va/Vt)
- Moisture Content (W = Mw/Ms).
- Specific Gravity (G = Yw/Yw)
- Density (unit weight, Y). -Dry,Saturated,and Submerged unit weights (function of water weight and soil volume).
- Hydraulic Gradient (i = Δh/Δl)
- Basic Settlement Formulas (function of load, thickness of the soil layer, etc.)
-
Chapter: 2: Classification of Soil -USCS and USDA classifications, and sieve analysis
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamental properties of fluids and principles of hydrostatics. This quiz covers essential concepts such as viscosity, pressure, and total hydrostatic force. Perfect for students studying fluid mechanics and hydraulics.
