Fluid Mechanics: Water Properties and Pressure

Hydrostatics and Hydraulics

• Hydrostatic pressure is a key concept in fluid mechanics
• Torricelli's Law states that the pressure of a fluid at equilibrium is proportional to the height of the fluid column
• Head pressure is the pressure of a fluid due to its height or elevation
• Velocity head is the pressure of a fluid due to its motion or velocity
• Velocity pressure at constant laminar velocity can be calculated using the formula: ΔP = ρ * g * h
• Flow rates and pressure drops are important concepts in hydraulic systems
• Bernoulli's Principle states that the pressure of a fluid decreases as its velocity increases
• Key information to remember on hydrostatics and hydraulics includes understanding pressure, flow rates, and velocity

Ventilation

• Ventilation is used to remove contaminants from the air and provide a healthy working environment
• Types of ventilation include general ventilation, dilution ventilation, and local (exhaust) ventilation
• General concepts of ventilation include calculating volumetric air flow, static pressure, velocity pressure, and total pressure
• Principles of air movement include contaminant generation, purge rates, and steady-state concentration
• Local exhaust ventilation includes canopy hoods, down draft hoods, enclosure hoods, and receiving hoods
• Ventilation measurement equipment includes pitot tubes, rotating vane anemometers, and thermal anemometers
• Key information to remember on ventilation includes understanding types, concepts, and measurement equipment

Accident Causation and Investigation Techniques

• Domino Theory suggests that a series of events can lead to an accident
• Heinrich's Axioms of Industrial Safety state that accidents are preventable and that safety is a line responsibility
• Human Factors Theory suggests that human error is a major contributor to accidents
• Accident and Incident Theory includes the epidemiological theory, systems theory, energy release theory, and behavior theory
• The Modern Causation Model includes operating errors, systems defects, command errors, safety program defects, and safety management errors
• Seven Avenues include safety management error countermeasures, safety program defect countermeasures, and command error defect countermeasures
• Accident investigation procedures include purpose, investigation procedures, fact-finding, and interviews
• Problem-solving techniques include the scientific method, gross hazard analysis, job safety analysis, and failure modes and effects analysis
• Key information to remember on accident causation and investigation techniques includes understanding theories, models, and procedures.

This quiz covers the properties of water and pressure related concepts, including hydrostatic pressure, Torricelli's Law, and head pressure. Test your knowledge of fluid mechanics!